SACE Stage 2 Bosnian Continuers key terms

A single unit of language with meaning, used in speech and writing; candidates identify and analyse individual words when discussing vocabulary choices and word formation.

A complete thought expressed in writing, beginning with a capital letter and ending with punctuation; analysing sentence structure helps candidates interpret meaning and tone.

The part of a sentence naming who or what performs the action or is described; recognising it supports accurate comprehension and production in Bosnian.

The part of a sentence that says something about the subject, usually containing a verb; identifying it helps candidates unpack meaning in complex texts.

A word expressing an action, event or state, carrying information about tense, person and number; verb forms are central to interpreting when and how something happens.

A word naming a person, place, thing or idea, declined for case, number and gender in Bosnian; recognising nouns helps candidates track participants in a text.

A word describing or qualifying a noun, agreeing with it in gender, number and case; noticing adjectives helps candidates identify attitude and emphasis in texts.

A grammatical category showing a noun's or pronoun's role in a sentence, such as subject or object; Bosnian has seven cases whose endings carry meaning.

The pattern of changing noun, pronoun and adjective endings according to case, number and gender; mastering declension is essential for accurate comprehension and self-expression.

The pattern of changing verb forms according to person, number, tense and mood; knowing conjugations allows candidates to interpret who does what and when.

The grammatical category locating an action in past, present or future; interpreting tense choices helps candidates understand sequence and emphasis in narrative texts.

A verb feature distinguishing completed actions from ongoing or repeated ones, expressed through perfective and imperfective forms; it shapes how events are viewed in Bosnian narrative.

The core part of a word carrying its basic meaning, to which prefixes and suffixes are added; identifying roots helps candidates work out unfamiliar vocabulary from context.

A meaningful element attached to the beginning of a word that modifies its meaning, such as changing direction or completion; recognising prefixes supports vocabulary inference.

A meaningful element added to the end of a word, often changing its word class or adding nuance; spotting suffixes helps candidates decode new words while reading.

A word with a meaning close to another word, though not always interchangeable in every context; recognising synonyms helps candidates discuss lexical choice and avoid repetition.

A word expressing the opposite meaning of another word, such as top and bottom; identifying antonyms helps candidates grasp contrast and argument structure in texts.

A reference work listing words with meanings, or the total stock of words a person knows; candidates discuss vocabulary range and use dictionaries to check uncertain meanings.

The idea or message a word, phrase or text conveys, which may be literal or figurative; interpreting meaning accurately is central to reading and listening tasks.

The surrounding words, situation or cultural background that helps determine meaning; candidates use context clues to infer unfamiliar vocabulary and interpret intended messages.

The process of explaining what a text means by drawing on evidence such as wording, structure and tone; candidates justify their readings with specific references.

A close examination breaking a text into parts, such as structure, vocabulary and argument, to explain how meaning is created; it underpins essay responses.

The central subject or idea a text explores, distinct from its plot; identifying themes helps candidates organise interpretations and compare different works.

The point or lesson a text communicates to its audience, often implied rather than stated; candidates distinguish message from topic when responding to texts.

A figure of speech describing one thing as if it were another, without using comparison words; recognising metaphors helps candidates interpret figurative language and authorial style.

A figure of speech comparing two things using words such as like or as; identifying comparisons helps candidates explain imagery and persuasive effect in texts.

The characteristic way an author uses language, including word choice, sentence length and tone; discussing style supports analysis of register and audience in Bosnian texts.

The attitude or mood conveyed by a speaker or writer, such as ironic, formal or sympathetic; identifying tone helps candidates interpret intention and respond appropriately.

The level of formality in language suited to a situation, ranging from casual speech to formal writing; choosing appropriate register is essential for interaction and self-expression.

Language used in official, academic or polite contexts, following conventions such as full forms and respectful address; candidates switch to formal style in letters and presentations.

Relaxed, everyday language used with friends and family, often including colloquial words and shortened forms; recognising it helps candidates interpret dialogue and informal messages.

A brief restatement of a text's main points in the writer's own words; producing summaries demonstrates comprehension and the ability to select key information.

A person's opinion or position on an issue, often revealed through word choice and argument; candidates identify stance in texts and express their own views clearly.

A reason or set of reasons offered to support a viewpoint; candidates construct arguments and evaluate how convincingly others are presented in Bosnian texts.

A personal view or judgement about something, not necessarily based on proof; candidates distinguish opinion from fact and express opinions with appropriate language.

The shared customs, values, traditions and arts of a community; understanding Bosnian cultural references supports interpretation of texts and appropriate interaction.

Customs and practices passed down through generations within a community, such as celebrations and foodways; recognising them helps candidates interpret cultural allusions in texts.

The sense of who a person or group is, shaped by language, history, culture and belonging; it is a recurring theme in Bosnian literature and discussion.

A regional variety of a language differing in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from the standard; awareness of dialect helps candidates understand spoken texts and regional colour.