SACE Stage 2 Modern Greek Continuers key terms

The written paper sat at the end of the course, combining reading, listening and writing tasks under timed conditions. It is externally set and marked, and results contribute directly to the final subject grade.

The spoken examination in which the student talks with an examiner about a chosen topic and answers unrehearsed questions. Fluency, range of language and interaction are judged against set criteria.

The in-depth topic the student researches and prepares for the oral examination, such as an issue in Greek society or culture. It supplies material for extended discussion and must be explained in the student's own words.

Any continuous piece of Greek writing, from a short notice to a full article, that a student must read and understand. Tasks often require locating detail, inferring meaning or identifying the writer's purpose.

The central message or overall point of a spoken or written text, as distinct from individual details. Questions asking for the main idea require a summary judgement rather than a copied phrase.

A specific piece of information inside a text, such as a name, time, price or reason. Reading and listening tasks frequently ask students to find such details and record them accurately.

A judgement reached by combining clues in a text with the reader's own knowledge, rather than by finding a stated fact. Inference questions reward careful reading between the lines.

The tone or register of a text, for example formal, humorous, critical or sympathetic. Identifying it helps students match the writer's attitude and choose the correct answer in comprehension items.

Brief written records taken while listening or reading, used to hold key facts before answering questions. Good notes use abbreviations and Greek keywords rather than full sentences.

The listening component of the examination, in which recorded Greek speech is played and students answer questions on it. Recordings are usually heard more than once and may include accents and background noise.

A short restatement of a text's main points in the student's own words, keeping the essential information and leaving out examples. It tests both comprehension and control of Greek expression.

A written piece in which the student presents and supports a viewpoint on a topic, usually with an introduction, arguments and conclusion. It is assessed for content, organisation and accuracy of language.

A letter written for a set purpose and audience, such as complaining, inviting, thanking or applying. Correct Greek conventions of greeting, opening, closing and register are expected.

A personal diary entry written in the first person, recording events and reactions in an informal voice. Tasks of this kind test range of vocabulary and natural expression rather than formal argument.

A piece written for a newspaper, magazine or school publication, with a headline and a clear angle on a topic. It usually combines information with comment and addresses a general readership.

The category of writing a task requires, such as letter, article, diary entry, report or speech. Recognising the conventions of each type is essential for meeting the task requirements.

The way a piece of writing is organised, including paragraphing, ordering of ideas and linking between sections. Clear structure helps the reader follow the argument and is rewarded in marking.

A reason or point offered to support a position, often backed by evidence or example. Strong responses develop several arguments and answer likely objections rather than listing opinions.

A point that opposes an argument, or the reply to an opposing view. Acknowledging and answering counter-arguments makes a written response more persuasive and shows balanced thinking.

A word or phrase that links ideas and sentences, such as however, therefore, on the one hand or in addition. Appropriate Greek connectors improve coherence and raise the language mark.

The quality of a text in which sentences and paragraphs hold together logically and grammatically. It is achieved through connectors, pronoun reference and consistent topic development.

Assessment carried out at the end of a unit or course to measure what has been learned overall. In this subject it includes school-based tasks and the final external examinations.

Ongoing assessment used during learning to give feedback and guide improvement, rather than to produce a final grade. It includes drafts, practice tasks and teacher comments on work in progress.

Comments from a teacher or peer about the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of work. Used well, feedback leads to revised drafts and targeted practice on specific language problems.

A first or rough version of a written task, produced before the final copy. Drafting allows the student to check content, structure and grammar with time to make improvements.

The materials used to research a topic, such as articles, websites, interviews or statistics. Sources should be varied, relevant and acknowledged, and their reliability considered when preparing a topic.

The published descriptions of what markers look for, such as content, organisation, range and accuracy. Knowing them helps students direct effort to the features that actually earn marks.

Correct use of Greek grammar, including verb endings, cases, articles and agreement. Accuracy is judged alongside range, so ambitious but faulty language may score no better than safe language.

The stock of words and phrases a student can understand and use appropriately. A wide vocabulary allows precise expression and reduces repetition in speaking and writing tasks.

A word with a meaning close to another, such as happy and glad. Knowing synonyms supports paraphrase, helps avoid repetition and aids matching items in comprehension tests.

Expressing a text's meaning in different words while keeping the sense. It is a core skill for summaries and for answering questions without copying the original wording.

The verb form in which the subject performs the action, as in the teacher marks the papers. Greek uses it widely in both speech and writing, with its own set of endings.

The verb form in which the subject is affected by the action, as in the papers are marked. Greek passive forms use distinct endings and appear often in formal and impersonal writing.

The word class that expresses an action or state and carries tense, person and number. Greek verbs are highly inflected, so recognising stems and endings is central to accurate production.

A grammatical case of nouns, pronouns and adjectives, such as nominative, genitive, accusative or vocative. Greek uses case endings to show the role a word plays in a sentence.

A word describing a noun, which in Greek agrees with it in gender, number and case. Correct agreement between adjective and noun is a frequent focus of accuracy marking.

The grammatical tense of a verb, showing whether an action is past, present or future. Greek also distinguishes aspect, so choosing the right tense form affects meaning as well as accuracy.