SACE Stage 2 Punjabi (continuers) flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gurmukhi script

The script used to write Punjabi in Indian Punjab. It is alphasyllabic: consonants carry an inherent short 'a' sound unless a vowel sign or halant modifies it.

Shahmukhi script

The Perso-Arabic script used to write Punjabi in Pakistani Punjab. It shares the spoken language with Gurmukhi but reflects a different literary and religious tradition.

Punjabi tones

Punjabi distinguishes three tones: high, mid and low. Tone is phonemic, meaning a change in pitch can change a word's meaning entirely.

Lagan matra

Vowel signs attached to Gurmukhi consonants that override the inherent 'a' vowel. Correct placement changes both pronunciation and meaning of written words.

Postposition

A grammatical word placed after a noun or pronoun to show relationships such as location or possession. Punjabi uses postpositions where English uses prepositions.

Oblique case

A modified noun or pronoun form used before postpositions. Punjabi nouns change from direct to oblique form, often adding a ending, when followed by a postposition.

Subject-object-verb order

Punjabi's default clause order places the subject first, the object next, and the verb last. Word order can shift for emphasis but the verb usually stays final.

Bulleh Shah

An eighteenth-century Sufi poet of Punjabi, known for kafi verse exploring divine love, social equality and criticism of religious hypocrisy. His work is central to Punjabi literary heritage.

Waris Shah

The Punjabi Sufi poet who composed the epic 'Heer Ranjha'. His retelling is a landmark of Punjabi literature, blending romance with spiritual and social commentary.

Register

The level of formality in language suited to audience and purpose. Formal Punjabi uses Sanskritic or Persian vocabulary; colloquial speech uses everyday words and English borrowings.

Punjabi diaspora

Communities of Punjabi speakers living outside South Asia, notably in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States. Diaspora contexts shape modern vocabulary and cultural references.

Tadbhava vocabulary

Words descended from older Indo-Aryan forms through natural language change, as opposed to tatsama words borrowed directly from Sanskrit. Tadbhava words dominate everyday Punjabi speech.

Performance standards

Descriptive statements of achievement from A to E used to judge student work holistically. Teachers match evidence to the standards rather than adding numerical marks.

Folio of response tasks

A collection of internally assessed reading, listening and writing tasks completed across the year. It provides the body of evidence used for judging achievement.

Text production task

An internal writing task in Punjabi for a specified audience, purpose and text type. It is judged on content, organisation, range, accuracy and register.

Text analysis task

An internal task requiring students to interpret and respond to Punjabi texts. It assesses comprehension, inference and the ability to identify purpose and cultural meaning.

Oral interaction assessment

An internally assessed conversation or discussion in Punjabi. It measures fluency, pronunciation, range of language and ability to sustain interaction appropriately.

Oral presentation

A short formal spoken task in Punjabi on a chosen topic. It is assessed for structure, depth of content, pronunciation and audience awareness.

Holistic grading

Awarding a grade by matching the overall quality of work to a performance standard, rather than counting correct answers. Features are weighed together, not separately.

Moderation

A quality-assurance process comparing teacher judgments across schools. Annotated exemplars and sample work help ensure grades are consistent and comparable.

Authenticity requirement

The rule that submitted work must be the student's own. Drafts, plans and teacher verification may be required to confirm authorship of assessed tasks.

Macroskills coverage

Internal assessment must address listening, speaking, reading and writing. Tasks are designed so all four skills are evidenced across the assessment program.

External examination weighting

The final written examination typically contributes 30 percent of the subject grade. School assessment supplies the remaining 70 percent.

Listening comprehension section

An examination section where recorded Punjabi texts are played, usually twice. Students answer questions in the language specified, often English or Punjabi.

Reading comprehension section

An examination section using unseen Punjabi texts. Questions test literal understanding, inference, purpose and cultural meaning, with answers in the specified language.

Written response task

An extended Punjabi writing task in the examination, requiring a specified text type, audience and minimum word count. It is judged on content, organisation, range and accuracy.

Marking criteria for writing

Written responses are judged on relevance, depth, organisation, range of language, grammatical accuracy and appropriateness of register and text type.

Dictionary rules

Examination conditions generally restrict or prohibit dictionary use. Students should build vocabulary and script accuracy in advance rather than rely on references.

Note-taking while listening

Recording key points during the first hearing of a listening text. Notes support answers when the recording is replayed a limited number of times.

Language of response

Each examination question specifies whether to answer in English or Punjabi. Responding in the wrong language or script can lose marks.

Time allocation

Distributing examination minutes in proportion to section weighting, while reserving final time to check Gurmukhi spelling, matra placement and verb agreement.