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SACE Stage 2 Punjabi (continuers) study materials
SACE Stage 2 Punjabi (continuers) study resources

SACE Stage 2 Punjabi (continuers) practice questions

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Question 1Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi letter is the first letter of the Gurmukhi alphabet and represents the open vowel 'a'?

  1. ਉ
  2. ਇ
  3. ਆ
  4. ਅ Correct answer.

Explanation

Gurmukhi vowels are taught in a fixed order, and the very first independent vowel letter is ਅ, which stands for the short open vowel 'a' as heard at the start of 'amer' (mango). The other vowel signs shown are later members of the same vowel series.

Question 2Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

A student wants to write the Punjabi word for 'five', which is pronounced 'panj'. Which spelling is correct in Gurmukhi?

  1. ਪਾਜ
  2. ਪੇਜ
  3. ਪੁਜ
  4. ਪੰਜ Correct answer.

Explanation

The word 'panj' contains a short 'a' followed by a nasal consonant, so it is written with ਪ plus the nasal dot (bindi) on the first syllable, giving ਪੰਜ. The other spellings change the vowel quality or drop the nasalisation, producing different pronunciations.

Question 3Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

In Punjabi grammar, what is the grammatical gender of the noun 'ਕੁੜੀ' (girl)?

  1. Masculine
  2. Feminine Correct answer.
  3. Neuter
  4. Common gender

Explanation

Punjabi nouns carry grammatical gender, and 'ਕੁੜੀ' (girl) is feminine, which controls agreement of adjectives and verbs. Punjabi does not have a neuter gender, so every noun is classified as masculine or feminine.

Question 4Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which form correctly completes the sentence: 'ਮੈਂ ਰੋਟੀ ____ ਹਾਂ' (I eat bread)?

  1. ਖਾਂਦੇ
  2. ਖਾਂਦੀ
  3. ਖਾਂਦਾ Correct answer.
  4. ਖਾਂਦੀਆਂ

Explanation

The present-tense verb agrees with the subject in person and gender. With a masculine singular subject 'ਮੈਂ' (I, male speaker), the verb takes the masculine singular ending -ਦਾ, giving 'ਖਾਂਦਾ'.

Question 5Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi word means 'school'?

  1. ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ
  2. ਘਰ
  3. ਸਕੂਲ Correct answer.
  4. ਅਫ਼ਸਰ

Explanation

'ਸਕੂਲ' is the standard Punjabi word for school, borrowed and adapted into Gurmukhi spelling. The other options name different places and are unrelated to education.

Question 6Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

What is the traditional Punjabi greeting used when meeting someone, accompanied by joining the palms?

  1. ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ Correct answer.
  2. ਧੰਨਵਾਦ
  3. ਮਾਫ਼ ਕਰਨਾ
  4. ਅਲਵਿਦਾ

Explanation

'ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ' is the customary Punjabi greeting exchanged on meeting, often with folded hands. It is distinct from expressions of thanks, apology, or farewell.

Question 7Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which number word in Punjabi means 'ten'?

  1. ਦੋ
  2. ਸੱਤ
  3. ਪੰਜ
  4. ਦਸ Correct answer.

Explanation

Punjabi number words follow a set sequence, and 'ਦਸ' corresponds to ten. The other options represent smaller numbers in the same counting series.

Question 8Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which punctuation mark in Gurmukhi is used to mark the end of a sentence?

  1. ;
  2. !
  3. । Correct answer.
  4. ?

Explanation

Gurmukhi writing uses a vertical stroke called a dandi (।) to show the close of a sentence, similar to a full stop. Question and exclamation marks are used only for their specific functions.

Question 9Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Choose the correct form to complete: 'ਉਹ ਦੋ ____ ਆਏ' (Those two boys came).

  1. ਮੁੰਡੇ Correct answer.
  2. ਮੁੰਡੀ
  3. ਮੁੰਡਾ
  4. ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ

Explanation

After a numeral like 'ਦੋ' (two), Punjabi uses the direct plural form of the noun, which for masculine nouns ending in -ਾ is -ੇ, giving 'ਮੁੰਡੇ'. The verb 'ਆਏ' also confirms a masculine plural subject.

Question 10Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which postposition correctly completes: 'ਕਿਤਾਬ ____ ਉੱਤੇ ਰੱਖੋ' (Put the book on the table)?

  1. ਮੇਜ਼ Correct answer.
  2. ਮੇਜ਼ ਨੂੰ
  3. ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ
  4. ਮੇਜ਼ ਦਾ

Explanation

In Punjabi, a noun followed by a postposition such as 'ਉੱਤੇ' (on) takes the oblique form, which for masculine nouns ending in a consonant is unchanged, so 'ਮੇਜ਼' stays as it is. Adding other case markers would create a different grammatical relationship.

Question 11Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Identify the correct Punjabi translation of 'She is reading a book.'

  1. ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਸੀ।
  2. ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੇਗੀ।
  3. ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। Correct answer.
  4. ਉਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ।

Explanation

The present continuous is formed with the participle 'ਪੜ੍ਹ' plus the auxiliary 'ਰਹੀ' agreeing with a feminine subject 'ਉਹ' (she). The auxiliary ending -ਰਹੀ signals a female subject in the ongoing action.

Question 12Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which sentence uses the correct Punjabi word order for a simple statement?

  1. ਸਕੂਲ ਮੈਂ ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।
  2. ਮੈਂ ਸਕੂਲ ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।
  3. ਮੈਂ ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ। Correct answer.
  4. ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਮੈਂ ਸਕੂਲ ਹਾਂ।

Explanation

Punjabi follows subject-object-verb order, with adverbs of time normally placed before the object or between subject and verb. The natural order is subject (ਮੈਂ), time adverb (ਹਰ ਰੋਜ਼), object (ਸਕੂਲ), then verb (ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ).

Question 13Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

What does the idiom 'ਅੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ' literally mean and how is it used?

  1. A sharp thorn; used for an enemy
  2. A fast runner; used for an athlete
  3. A bright lamp; used for a room
  4. Star of the eyes; used for a very dear person Correct answer.

Explanation

The idiom 'ਅੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ' literally means 'star of the eyes' and is used affectionately for someone deeply cherished, such as a beloved child. Punjabi idioms often build meaning from body-part imagery rather than literal description.

Question 14Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi pronoun is the respectful formal form used for an elder or a stranger?

  1. ਅਸੀਂ
  2. ਤੂੰ
  3. ਤੁਸੀਂ Correct answer.
  4. ਮੈਂ

Explanation

Punjabi distinguishes familiar and polite second-person forms. 'ਤੁਸੀਂ' is the respectful plural form used for elders, strangers, and superiors, while 'ਤੂੰ' is intimate and can be rude if misused.

Question 15Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which of these words is a feminine noun in Punjabi?

  1. ਲੇਖਕ
  2. ਗਾਇਕਾ Correct answer.
  3. ਕਵੀ
  4. ਅਧਿਆਪਕ

Explanation

Many Punjabi profession nouns form a feminine by adding a final -ਆ or -ਈ. 'ਗਾਇਕਾ' (female singer) is the feminine counterpart of 'ਗਾਇਕ', while the other options are masculine base forms.

Question 16Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Complete the sentence with the correct relative pronoun: 'ਉਹ ਮੁੰਡਾ, ____ ਨੇ ਇਨਾਮ ਜਿੱਤਿਆ, ਮੇਰਾ ਦੋਸਤ ਹੈ।'

  1. ਜੋ
  2. ਕਿਹੜਾ
  3. ਜਿਸ Correct answer.
  4. ਜਿਹੜਾ

Explanation

When the relative clause subject carries the agent marker 'ਨੇ', Punjabi uses the oblique relative form 'ਜਿਸ'. The direct form 'ਜੋ' or 'ਜਿਹੜਾ' would not combine correctly with the following 'ਨੇ'.

Question 17Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

What is the main theme of the Punjabi folk dance Bhangra?

  1. Praying for rain in drought
  2. Mourning at funerals
  3. Celebration of the harvest season Correct answer.
  4. Welcoming the monsoon rains

Explanation

Bhangra originated as a vigorous folk dance of the Punjab associated with the wheat harvest festival Baisakhi, expressing joy and celebration. Its drumming and energetic movements reflect agricultural festivity rather than mourning or rain rituals.

Question 18Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi festival marks the harvest and is celebrated in mid-April?

  1. ਹੋਲੀ
  2. ਬੈਸਾਖੀ Correct answer.
  3. ਦੀਵਾਲੀ
  4. ਲੋਹੜੀ

Explanation

ਬੈਸਾਖੀ (Baisakhi) falls in mid-April and celebrates the wheat harvest as well as the founding of the Khalsa. The other festivals occur at different times of the year and have different associations.

Question 19Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

In the sentence 'ਉਸ ਨੇ ਚਿੱਠੀ ਲਿਖੀ', what does the particle 'ਨੇ' indicate?

  1. It marks the object as definite
  2. It marks the subject as the agent of a transitive past verb Correct answer.
  3. It forms a question
  4. It shows future intention

Explanation

Punjabi uses the agentive marker 'ਨੇ' after the subject of a transitive verb in the perfective past, and the verb then agrees with the object rather than the subject. Here 'ਲਿਖੀ' agrees with the feminine object 'ਚਿੱਠੀ'.

Question 20Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which pair correctly shows the masculine and feminine forms of the adjective meaning 'good'?

  1. ਚੰਗੀ / ਚੰਗੀਆਂ
  2. ਚੰਗੇ / ਚੰਗਾ
  3. ਚੰਗਾ / ਚੰਗੀ Correct answer.
  4. ਚੰਗਾ / ਚੰਗੇ

Explanation

Punjabi adjectives agree with the noun they modify. The masculine singular is 'ਚੰਗਾ' and the feminine singular is 'ਚੰਗੀ', formed by changing the final vowel. Plural forms add further endings.

Question 21Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which sentence correctly uses the Punjabi conditional to say 'If it rains, I will not go'?

  1. ਜੇ ਮੀਂਹ ਪੈ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾਂਦਾ।
  2. ਜੇ ਮੀਂਹ ਪਵੇਗਾ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾਵਾਂਗਾ। Correct answer.
  3. ਜੇ ਮੀਂਹ ਪਿਆ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਗਿਆ।
  4. ਜੇ ਮੀਂਹ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਸੀ, ਤਾਂ ਮੈਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ।

Explanation

A future conditional in Punjabi pairs the conditional 'ਜੇ' with a future-tense verb in both clauses, so 'ਪਵੇਗਾ' (will fall) is matched by 'ਜਾਵਾਂਗਾ' (will go). The structure ਜੇ ... ਤਾਂ frames the condition and its consequence.

Question 22Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

In Punjabi, what happens to the verb agreement when a sentence uses the agentive 'ਨੇ' with a perfective transitive verb?

  1. The verb takes a fixed feminine plural form
  2. The verb agrees with the object, not the subject Correct answer.
  3. The verb always stays masculine singular
  4. The verb agrees with the subject as usual

Explanation

With the agentive marker 'ਨੇ' in the perfective past, the subject is marked as agent and no longer controls agreement. The verb instead agrees with the direct object in gender and number, which is a hallmark of Punjabi ergative patterning.

Question 23Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which statement best explains why Punjabi is described as a tonal language?

  1. Every syllable carries a fixed high tone
  2. Tone replaces all vowels in writing
  3. Pitch contrasts distinguish word meanings, often linked to aspirated consonants Correct answer.
  4. Tone is used only in songs and poetry

Explanation

Punjabi has developed contrastive tones, and pitch differences can change meaning, often arising historically from aspirated consonants such as ਘ or ਝ. Tone is therefore a lexical feature of ordinary speech, not a stylistic device limited to poetry.

Question 24Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi proverb advises patience and steady effort rather than haste?

  1. ਨੱਚ ਨਾ ਜਾਣੇ ਆਂਗਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਟੇਢਾ
  2. ਘਰ ਦਾ ਭੇਦੀ ਚੋਰ
  3. ਜਿੱਥੇ ਨਾ ਪਹੁੰਚੇ ਰਵੀ, ਉੱਥੇ ਪਹੁੰਚੇ ਕਵੀ
  4. ਸਬਰ ਦਾ ਫਲ ਮਿੱਠਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ Correct answer.

Explanation

'ਸਬਰ ਦਾ ਫਲ ਮਿੱਠਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ' means 'the fruit of patience is sweet', urging steady perseverance over rash haste. The other sayings comment on the power of poetry, betrayal by an insider, and making excuses for lack of skill.

Question 25Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which sentence correctly uses the Punjabi honorific plural with a verb?

  1. ਪਿਤਾ ਜੀ ਆ ਗਈ ਹੈ।
  2. ਪਿਤਾ ਜੀ ਆ ਗਏ ਹੈ।
  3. ਪਿਤਾ ਜੀ ਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।
  4. ਪਿਤਾ ਜੀ ਆ ਗਏ ਹਨ। Correct answer.

Explanation

Punjabi shows respect by treating an elder as grammatically plural, so 'ਪਿਤਾ ਜੀ' takes the plural verb form 'ਆ ਗਏ ਹਨ'. Both the participle and the auxiliary must be plural to keep agreement consistent.

Question 26Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Gurmukhi letter is the first letter of the Punjabi alphabet and represents the unaspirated voiceless velar stop?

  1. ਕ Correct answer.
  2. ਸ
  3. ਅ
  4. ਉ

Explanation

Gurmukhi letters are organised in rows by place of articulation, and the velar row begins with ਕ, pronounced like the 'k' in English 'skip' without a puff of air. The independent vowel signs such as ਅ and ਉ belong to a separate group, so they cannot be the first consonant of the alphabet.

Question 27Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

In the Gurmukhi script, what does the symbol ੍ (the halant or virama) placed beneath a consonant indicate?

  1. That the consonant is doubled
  2. That the consonant is to be pronounced with a high tone
  3. That the following consonant is nasalised
  4. That the inherent vowel of that consonant is suppressed Correct answer.

Explanation

Every Gurmukhi consonant carries an inherent short 'a' vowel unless another vowel sign is attached. The halant cancels that inherent vowel so that the consonant closes a syllable or joins the next consonant in a cluster. It does not mark tone, nasality or gemination.

Question 28Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi word correctly completes the sentence 'ਮੈਂ ਰੋਟੀ ____ ਹਾਂ' meaning 'I eat bread'?

  1. ਖਾਂਦਾ Correct answer.
  2. ਖਾਂਦੇ
  3. ਖਾਧੀ
  4. ਖਾਂਦੀ

Explanation

In the simple present, the participle agrees with the gender and number of the subject. A male speaker uses ਖਾਂਦਾ, a female speaker uses ਖਾਂਦੀ, and plural subjects use ਖਾਂਦੇ. The form ਖਾਧੀ is a perfective participle and would require a different tense construction.

Question 29Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which option gives the correct Punjabi plural of the masculine noun ਘੋੜਾ (horse)?

  1. ਘੋੜੇ Correct answer.
  2. ਘੋੜੀ
  3. ਘੋੜਿਆ
  4. ਘੋੜਿਆਂ

Explanation

Masculine nouns ending in -ਾ change to -ੇ in the direct plural, so ਘੋੜਾ becomes ਘੋੜੇ. The ending -ੀ produces a feminine form, while the oblique plural ending is -ਿਆਂ and appears only after a postposition.

Question 30Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Read the sentence 'ਬੱਚੇ ਨੇ ਮਿੱਠਾ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਧਾ' and identify the grammatical role of 'ਮਿੱਠਾ'.

  1. It is a participle forming a compound tense
  2. It is an adjective agreeing with the object Correct answer.
  3. It is an adverb modifying the verb
  4. It is a postposition governing the object

Explanation

Adjectives in Punjabi normally precede the noun they qualify and agree with it in gender, number and case. Here ਮਿੱਠਾ agrees with ਸੇਬ, a masculine singular direct object. It cannot be an adverb, since adverbs modify the verb rather than naming a quality of the noun.

Question 31Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which sentence correctly expresses 'I have two sisters' in Punjabi?

  1. ਮੇਰੇ ਦੋ ਭੈਣਾਂ ਹਨ
  2. ਮੈਂ ਦੋ ਭੈਣਾਂ ਹਾਂ
  3. ਮੇਰੀਆਂ ਦੋ ਭੈਣਾਂ ਹਨ Correct answer.
  4. ਮੇਰੀ ਦੋ ਭੈਣਾਂ ਹੈ

Explanation

Possession of this kind is expressed with the oblique possessive ਮੇਰੇ/ਮੇਰੀਆਂ plus the noun and the verb ਹਨ. ਭੈਣ is feminine, so the possessive must be the feminine plural ਮੇਰੀਆਂ, and the copula must agree in number as ਹਨ.

Question 32Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

What is the function of the Gurmukhi symbol ਂ (bindi) in a word such as ਸੰਗੀਤ?

  1. It marks the stress accent
  2. It marks nasalisation of the preceding vowel Correct answer.
  3. It marks a long vowel
  4. It doubles the following consonant

Explanation

The bindi placed above a letter indicates that the preceding vowel is nasalised, as in ਸੰਗੀਤ. Punjabi distinguishes nasalised from oral vowels, and this contrast can change meaning. Length is shown by other means, and stress is not marked in the script.

Question 33Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi word is the standard term for 'school'?

  1. ਕਲਾਸ
  2. ਅਧਿਆਪਕ
  3. ਪੁਸਤਕ
  4. ਸਕੂਲ Correct answer.

Explanation

ਸਕੂਲ is the everyday Punjabi noun for a school, borrowed and fully assimilated into the language. The other options name things associated with schooling but have different meanings, so they cannot translate 'school'.

Question 34Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which form correctly completes 'ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਅਸੀਂ ਬਜ਼ਾਰ ____' meaning 'Yesterday we went to the market'?

  1. ਜਾਵਾਂਗੇ
  2. ਜਾਣਾ
  3. ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ
  4. ਗਏ Correct answer.

Explanation

The time word ਕੱਲ੍ਹ combined with a completed past action requires the simple past, and the verb agrees with the plural subject ਅਸੀਂ, giving ਗਏ. The future and present forms refer to other times, and the infinitive cannot serve as a finite verb here.

Question 35Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

In Punjabi, which case form is used for a noun that is followed by a postposition such as ਨੂੰ or ਵਿੱਚ?

  1. Oblique case Correct answer.
  2. Direct case
  3. Nominative case
  4. Vocative case

Explanation

Punjabi nouns have a direct form used for subjects and direct objects and an oblique form required before postpositions. The oblique ending is typically -ੇ for masculine and -ਾਂ for feminine plurals. The vocative is used for address, and nominative is not a distinct category in this system.

Question 36Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi sentence uses the correct form of the verb to say 'She will come tomorrow'?

  1. ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ
  2. ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ
  3. ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਈ
  4. ਉਹ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਆਵੇਗੀ Correct answer.

Explanation

Simple future is formed with the future suffix -ਏਗਾ/-ਏਗੀ agreeing with the subject, so a feminine subject takes ਆਵੇਗੀ. The other options express past, present continuous and present habitual meanings respectively.

Question 37Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi sentence correctly uses the ablative postposition to mean 'He came from the village'?

  1. ਉਹ ਪਿੰਡ ਤੋਂ ਆਇਆ Correct answer.
  2. ਉਹ ਪਿੰਡ ਨੂੰ ਆਇਆ
  3. ਉਹ ਪਿੰਡ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ
  4. ਉਹ ਪਿੰਡ ਉੱਤੇ ਆਇਆ

Explanation

The postposition ਤੋਂ marks source or origin and requires the preceding noun to be in the oblique form. ਨੂੰ marks a goal or recipient, ਵਿੱਚ marks location inside, and ਉੱਤੇ marks position on top, so none of them expresses 'from'.

Question 38Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi word is an adverb of manner meaning 'slowly'?

  1. ਹੌਲੀ Correct answer.
  2. ਹੌਲਿਆਂ
  3. ਹੌਲਾ
  4. ਹੌਲੇ

Explanation

Adverbs of manner are often formed with the ending -ੀ, giving ਹੌਲੀ meaning 'slowly'. The other endings reflect masculine singular, masculine plural and oblique plural adjective agreement, so they qualify nouns rather than describing how an action is performed.

Question 39Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which option correctly rewrites the direct statement 'ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ, "ਮੈਂ ਆਵਾਂਗਾ"' as indirect speech?

  1. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਇਆ
  2. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ Correct answer.
  3. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਮੈਂ ਆਵਾਂਗਾ
  4. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ

Explanation

In indirect speech Punjabi introduces the reported clause with ਕਿ and shifts the first-person pronoun of the original to the third person. The future tense is retained, so ਮੈਂ ਆਵਾਂਗਾ becomes ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ. Keeping the original pronoun or changing the tense misreports the speaker's words.

Question 40Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi sentence correctly uses a passive construction?

  1. ਚਿੱਠੀ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਲਿਖੀ ਗਈ Correct answer.
  2. ਚਿੱਠੀ ਲਿਖਣੀ ਹੈ
  3. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਚਿੱਠੀ ਲਿਖੀ
  4. ਉਹ ਚਿੱਠੀ ਲਿਖਦਾ ਹੈ

Explanation

Punjabi passives combine the perfective participle with a form of ਜਾਣਾ, and the agent is marked with ਤੋਂ rather than ਨੇ. The subject of the passive is the patient ਚਿੱਠੀ. The other options are active, habitual or obligational constructions.

Question 41Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi sentence correctly uses a comparative construction to say 'This book is better than that one'?

  1. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਉਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਲਈ ਚੰਗੀ ਹੈ
  2. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਉਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਵਰਗੀ ਚੰਗੀ ਹੈ
  3. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਉਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਤੱਕ ਚੰਗੀ ਹੈ
  4. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਉਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਚੰਗੀ ਹੈ Correct answer.

Explanation

Comparison in Punjabi is expressed with the ablative marker ਨਾਲੋਂ placed after the standard of comparison. The adjective ਚੰਗੀ agrees with the feminine noun ਕਿਤਾਬ. The other postpositions express similarity, extent and purpose rather than comparison.

Question 42Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which statement best describes the role of the vowel carriers ਊੜਾ (ਉ) and ਈੜੀ (ਇ) in Gurmukhi?

  1. They carry independent vowel sounds at the start of a syllable Correct answer.
  2. They mark the end of a word
  3. They indicate that the previous consonant is aspirated
  4. They stand for consonants when no vowel follows

Explanation

Gurmukhi vowel signs normally attach to a preceding consonant, so a separate carrier letter is needed when a vowel begins a syllable or a word. ਉ and ਇ serve this function for short vowels, with longer counterparts built from them. They are not consonants, punctuation or aspiration markers.

Question 43Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi idiom means to betray or deceive someone close to you?

  1. ਪਿੱਠ ਵਿੱਚ ਛੁਰਾ ਮਾਰਨਾ Correct answer.
  2. ਅੱਖ ਦਾ ਤਾਰਾ
  3. ਮੂੰਹ ਮਿੱਠਾ ਕਰਨਾ
  4. ਹੱਥ ਬਟੂਆ ਖੋਲ੍ਹਣਾ

Explanation

The idiom ਪਿੱਠ ਵਿੱਚ ਛੁਰਾ ਮਾਰਨਾ literally means 'to stab a knife in the back' and is used for treachery by someone trusted. The other expressions refer to a beloved person, to celebrating with sweets, and to spending money generously.

Question 44Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi folk song genre is traditionally sung by women during the wheat harvest and at weddings, often in a call-and-response style?

  1. ਬੋਲੀਆਂ Correct answer.
  2. ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ
  3. ਸੁਹਾਗ
  4. ਟੱਪਾ

Explanation

ਬੋਲੀਆਂ are short, lively couplets sung in a call-and-response manner at weddings and harvest celebrations. ਸੁਹਾਗ are wedding songs sung by women for the bride, ਟੱਪਾ is a short romantic folk form, and ਗ਼ਜ਼ਲ is an Urdu-Persianate poetic genre rather than a harvest folk song.

Question 45Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi poet is best known for the epic love tragedy 'Heer Ranjha'?

  1. ਸ਼ਿਵ ਕੁਮਾਰ ਬਟਾਲਵੀ
  2. ਵਾਰਿਸ ਸ਼ਾਹ Correct answer.
  3. ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਾ ਪ੍ਰੀਤਮ
  4. ਬੁੱਲ੍ਹੇ ਸ਼ਾਹ

Explanation

ਵਾਰਿਸ ਸ਼ਾਹ composed the celebrated eighteenth-century version of Heer Ranjha, which is regarded as a masterpiece of Punjabi narrative poetry. The other writers are renowned for Sufi verse, modern poetry and twentieth-century fiction respectively.

Question 46Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

In the sentence 'ਉਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਚੰਗਾ ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ', what is the grammatical function of 'ਬਹੁਤ'?

  1. A conjunction linking two clauses
  2. An adverb of degree modifying ਚੰਗਾ Correct answer.
  3. An adjective qualifying ਉਹ
  4. A postposition governing ਗਾਉਂਦਾ

Explanation

ਬਹੁਤ is an intensifier that modifies the manner adverb ਚੰਗਾ, telling us how well the action is performed. It does not agree with the subject, govern a noun, or join clauses. Adverbs of degree commonly precede the word they intensify.

Question 47Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which option correctly completes 'ਜੇ ਉਹ ਮਿਹਨਤ ਕਰੇ, ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਜ਼ਰੂਰ ____' meaning 'If he works hard, he will surely succeed'?

  1. ਸਫ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ Correct answer.
  2. ਸਫ਼ਲ ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ
  3. ਸਫ਼ਲ ਹੋਇਆ
  4. ਸਫ਼ਲ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ

Explanation

The conditional clause with ਜੇ...ਤਾਂ sets up a future consequence, so the main clause takes the future form ਹੋਵੇਗਾ. The subjunctive ਕਰੇ in the if-clause signals a hypothetical condition whose result lies ahead. Past, habitual present and continuous forms do not fit that structure.

Question 48Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi sentence correctly uses an honorific plural verb form when addressing an elder?

  1. ਉਹ ਕੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ?
  2. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੀ ਕਰਦੇ ਹੋ? Correct answer.
  3. ਤੂੰ ਕੀ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ?
  4. ਤੂੰ ਕੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈਂ?

Explanation

Respectful address uses the pronoun ਤੁਸੀਂ with a plural verb form such as ਕਰਦੇ ਹੋ, even when speaking to one person. The pronoun ਤੂੰ with a singular verb is informal and can be rude to an elder, while ਉਹ refers to a third person rather than the addressee.

Question 49Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which Punjabi sentence uses the correct negative construction to say 'I did not go to school yesterday'?

  1. ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਸਕੂਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾਂਦਾ
  2. ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਸਕੂਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਗਿਆ Correct answer.
  3. ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਸਕੂਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾਵਾਂਗਾ
  4. ਮੈਂ ਕੱਲ੍ਹ ਸਕੂਲ ਨਾ ਗਿਆ

Explanation

Negation of a completed past action uses the perfective participle ਗਿਆ preceded by the negative particle ਨਹੀਂ, which normally sits immediately before the verb. The form ਨਾ is used in prohibitions and wishes, and the other options negate a habitual or a future statement rather than the past event.

Question 50Punjabi language and culture (national continuers framework)

Which statement best explains why Punjabi is classified as a tonal language?

  1. It uses pitch only to express questions
  2. It changes the length of every vowel to show respect
  3. It uses rising and falling pitch to distinguish words that are otherwise written alike Correct answer.
  4. It marks stress on the first syllable of every word

Explanation

Punjabi has developed a three-way tone system in which pitch contours distinguish lexical meaning, often where an aspirated consonant of older Indo-Aryan was lost. Tone is therefore part of the word itself, not merely a sentence-level feature for questions. Vowel length and stress operate separately.