VCE Filipino flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Rehistro ng wika

The variety of Filipino selected to suit setting, purpose and relationship; formal register uses complete sentences and polite markers, while informal register permits shortened and colloquial forms.

Pormal na wika

Language used in official writing and formal speech; it follows standard grammar, avoids slang and contractions, and often includes polite markers such as po and opo.

Kolokyal na wika

Everyday informal Filipino used among peers; it shortens words, for example mayroon to meron and at saka to tsaka, and is unsuitable for formal documents.

Panghalip na panao

Personal pronoun in Filipino, appearing in nominative (ako, ka, siya), possessive (ko, mo, niya) and oblique (sa akin, sa iyo, sa kanya) forms according to grammatical role.

Pang-uri

An adjective in Filipino; it modifies a noun or pronoun and is linked to that word by the appropriate pang-angkop, as in magandang bahay or mabait na bata.

Pang-abay

An adverb in Filipino; it modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb rather than a noun, as in mabilis na tumakbo, where mabilis describes the manner of running.

Pangatnig

A conjunction joining words or clauses; examples include at for addition, ngunit for contrast, sapagkat for cause, kaya for result and upang for purpose.

Pang-angkop na, -ng, -g

Linking markers joining a modifier to the word it modifies: na follows a consonant-ending word, -ng attaches to a vowel-ending word, and -g attaches to a word ending in n.

Pokus ng pandiwa

Verb focus in Filipino; the affix signals which participant is the grammatical subject, with actor focus using um-, mag- or ma- and object focus using -in, i- or -an.

Aspekto ng pandiwa

Verb aspect in Filipino, covering perfective (completed), imperfective (ongoing) and contemplative (not yet begun) actions, for example nagsulat, nagsusulat and magsusulat.

Pangngalan at kaukulan

A noun and its case; Filipino nouns function as simuno (subject), kaganapang pansimuno (predicate nominative) or layon ng pandiwa (object of the verb) within a sentence.

Balangkas ng talata

Paragraph structure in Filipino writing: a topic sentence states the main idea, supporting sentences give detail or evidence, and a closing sentence links back to the main idea.

Liham na pormal

A formal letter in Filipino, containing the sender's address, date, recipient's name and position, a polite salutation, a concise body and a formal closing with signature.

Sanaysay na naglalarawan

A descriptive essay that uses sensory detail and imagery to portray a person, place or event, choosing words that appeal to sight, sound, smell, touch or taste.

Pagsasalaysay

Narrative writing that recounts events in a sequence, usually with an orientation, a series of events and a resolution, and often using past-aspect verb forms.

Pang-uring pamilang

A numeral adjective in Filipino that expresses number or quantity, such as isa, dalawa, marami or ilan; it modifies a noun and follows the same linking rules as other adjectives.

Tono at antas ng wika

The tone of a text and its level of language; word choice, sentence length and politeness markers together signal whether the tone is respectful, urgent, neutral or familiar.

Pagsulat ng balita

News writing in Filipino; the lead answers the key questions of who, what, when, where and why, and information is ordered from most to least important.

Tesis na pahayag

The contention or main claim of an analytical response; it states the writer's position clearly and is then supported by evidence drawn from the text being analysed.

Ebidensya mula sa teksto

Textual evidence such as a quotation, a described action or a language feature; it must be explained in the writer's own words to show how it supports the contention.

Paghahambing ng teksto

Comparison of two texts organised by point of comparison rather than by text, so that similarities and differences are addressed against the same criterion.

Layunin ng may-akda

The inferred purpose of the author, such as to persuade, inform, entertain or criticise; any claim about it must be tied to a specific feature of the text.

Punto de bista

Narrative point of view; first person uses ako or a participating narrator, limited third person restricts knowledge to one character, and omniscient narration reveals multiple minds.

Bayanihan

A Filipino cultural value of communal cooperation and mutual help; in a text it is shown through shared labour or collective action rather than stated directly by the narrator.

Utang na loob

A Filipino value of reciprocal gratitude and obligation; in analysis it is identified through acts of repayment, deference or conflict arising from an unpaid debt of kindness.

Hiya at pakikisama

Hiya is social shame or restraint protecting dignity, while pakikisama is maintaining harmonious relations; both shape character motivation and conflict in Filipino texts.

Maikling kuwento

A short story with a single central conflict, limited characters and a compressed timeline, often ending with a twist or an unresolved implication for the reader.

Tula at sukat

Poetry and its metre; traditional Filipino poems use counted syllables per line and rhyme, while free verse abandons fixed metre but keeps rhythm through line breaks and sound.

Sanaysay

A prose essay expressing a viewpoint; the pormal na sanaysay is structured and objective, while the di-pormal na sanaysay is personal, conversational and reflective in tone.

Kontekso ng produksyon

The circumstances in which a text was produced, including historical period, the author's region and language, and the intended audience, all of which shape meaning.

Kohesyon at koherens

Cohesion is surface linking through pronouns, conjunctions and repetition; coherence is the overall logical unity that lets a reader follow the argument without confusion.