Victoria Learner Permit Test cheat sheet

Keep left of the centre line unless overtaking, turning right, or avoiding an obstruction; on multi-lane roads stay in the left lane unless traffic or signs direct otherwise.

Default urban speed limit in Victoria is 50 km/h unless signs show otherwise; rural unsealed roads default to 100 km/h and all other roads to 100 km/h unless posted.

At a stop sign or stop line you must come to a complete stop, give way to all traffic, then proceed only when safe; a rolling stop is an offence.

At a give way sign or line you must slow down and stop if necessary to give way to vehicles already on the road or approaching from the right or left as signed.

When turning right at an intersection you must give way to oncoming vehicles going straight ahead and to pedestrians crossing the road you are entering.

Indicate for at least five seconds before changing lanes or diverging, and indicate left or right for long enough to warn other road users before turning.

Overtaking is prohibited at a no overtaking line, at pedestrian and children's crossings, and where a school bus displays flashing lights.

A U-turn is illegal at traffic lights unless a sign permits it, across a continuous dividing line or median strip, and where a no U-turn sign applies.

Safe following distance on dry roads is at least two seconds; double it in rain, at night, or when following heavy vehicles and motorcycles.

Scan 12 to 15 seconds ahead of the vehicle and check mirrors every 5 to 8 seconds to detect developing hazards early.

A hazard is anything requiring a change of speed or direction; classify hazards as static (parked cars, roadworks) or dynamic (pedestrians, cyclists, turning vehicles).

The four-step system for hazard response is: scan, identify the hazard, decide the safest action, then act smoothly and early.

Stopping distance equals reaction distance plus braking distance; reaction distance grows with speed and fatigue, braking distance grows with the square of speed.

In wet weather braking distance can roughly double; on gravel or unsealed surfaces it increases further, so reduce speed and increase gaps.

Fatigue is a high-risk hazard: after 2 hours of driving take a break, and do not drive after 17 hours awake, which impairs performance comparably to a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05.

At night, reduce speed so you can stop within the distance lit by headlights; use high beam only when no vehicle is within 200 metres ahead or approaching.

When a heavy vehicle or bus indicates a left turn, do not pass on the left; the vehicle may swing right first and needs extra space.

In a crash or breakdown, move vehicles off the road if possible, switch on hazard lights, and place warning triangles only where safe and legal.

Regulatory signs are mostly circular (prohibitions) or rectangular with black text on white; they state what you must or must not do and are enforceable.

Warning signs are yellow diamonds with black symbols or text; they alert to hazards ahead such as curves, crossings, or changing road conditions.

A red circle with a diagonal slash means the action is prohibited; a red circle without a slash states a restriction such as a speed limit.

A STOP sign is an octagon, always red with white lettering; a GIVE WAY sign is an inverted triangle, always red-bordered with white background.

Traffic light sequence is red, green, yellow or amber, red; a flashing yellow circle means proceed with caution, and a flashing red means stop then proceed when safe.

A steady yellow or amber light means stop unless it is unsafe to do so; entering on amber when you could have stopped safely is an offence.

A continuous centre line means do not cross it to overtake; a broken line may be crossed when safe; double lines mean the nearer line governs.

A painted island bounded by continuous lines must not be driven on, except to enter or leave a road or driveway where permitted.

A yellow painted edge line marks a clearway or no stopping zone; a red painted line marks a no stopping area at all times.

A learner permit holder in Victoria must carry the permit at all times while driving and must display L plates clearly on the front and rear of the vehicle.

A learner must be supervised by a fully licensed driver who has held an Australian licence for at least two years and sits in the front passenger seat.

Learner drivers must record at least 120 hours of supervised driving, including at least 20 hours at night, in a log book before the probationary test.

A learner must be zero blood alcohol concentration and zero drugs while driving; any reading above zero is an offence.

The probationary licence has two stages: P1 (red plates) for one year and P2 (green plates) for three years, with peer passenger and mobile phone restrictions on P1.

P1 drivers cannot carry more than one peer passenger aged 16 to 21 unless an exemption applies, and cannot use any mobile phone including hands-free while driving.

Demerit points accumulate across all licence types; reaching 12 points in three years for a full licence or 5 points in 12 months for a learner or P1 results in suspension.

A licence must be renewed before expiry; driving on an expired licence is an unlicensed driving offence carrying penalties and possible vehicle immobilisation.

Learner permits are issued after passing the knowledge test and eyesight check; the hazard perception test must be passed before the probationary licence test.

The legal blood alcohol concentration limit is 0.05 for full licence holders, 0.02 for probationary and learner drivers, and 0.00 for drivers of buses, trucks over 15 tonnes, and taxis.

Victoria uses random breath testing and random drug testing; refusing a preliminary breath test or oral fluid test is an offence with penalties similar to exceeding the limit.

Driving under the influence of illegal drugs or impairing prescription medication is an offence; a positive oral fluid test for methamphetamine, cannabis, or MDMA results in immediate suspension.

A vehicle must be registered, have compulsory third party insurance, and display current registration labels where required; driving unregistered is an offence.

Vehicles must be roadworthy: working lights, brakes, tyres with at least 1.5 mm tread depth, functioning seatbelts, and no cracked windscreens obscuring vision.

All occupants must wear seatbelts where fitted; children under seven must use an approved child restraint appropriate to their age and size.

It is illegal to use a hand-held mobile phone while driving; full licence holders may use hands-free devices only if the phone is secured in a cradle and not touched.

A driver must not leave a vehicle unattended with the engine running or keys in the ignition on a public road, and must secure the vehicle when parked.

After a crash involving injury or property damage over the reportable threshold, you must stop, exchange details, and report to police as required.

Learner and probationary drivers must maintain zero blood alcohol concentration and must not have any illegal drugs in their system while driving.

Victoria Police can conduct random roadside breath and saliva tests at any time without suspicion; refusal to comply is an offence.

A positive drug test or a BAC reading above the legal limit results in immediate licence suspension and possible vehicle impoundment.

Prescription medicines that cause drowsiness or impair driving must not be used before driving; check labels and ask a pharmacist if unsure.

Driving unregistered or unroadworthy vehicles attracts fines and demerit points; the registered operator is responsible for the vehicle's condition.

Child restraints must comply with Australian Standards and be correctly fitted; children aged 4 to 7 must use a forward-facing or booster seat.

Demerit points are recorded against the licence holder, not the vehicle, and apply across all vehicles the person drives.

A licence may be suspended or cancelled for excessive demerit points, serious traffic offences, or medical conditions affecting driving ability.

At an intersection with traffic lights, a green circle means proceed if safe; a green arrow means proceed only in the direction of the arrow.

A red arrow means do not proceed in that direction; a flashing yellow arrow means give way to oncoming traffic before turning.

When turning at traffic lights, give way to pedestrians crossing the road you are entering and to oncoming vehicles when turning across their path.

At a roundabout, give way to all vehicles already in the roundabout; indicate left when exiting and right when turning right.

At an uncontrolled intersection, give way to vehicles on your right and to vehicles already in the intersection.

A slip lane with a give way sign requires you to give way to traffic on the road you are joining, including cyclists and pedestrians.

At a pedestrian crossing, you must give way to pedestrians on or about to enter the crossing; do not overtake a vehicle stopped at a crossing.

Broken white lines separate lanes travelling in the same direction; you may cross them to change lanes when safe and indicating.

A continuous white line on the left edge marks the edge of the carriageway and should not be crossed except to enter a driveway or park.

A painted median or island with continuous lines must not be driven over except where a gap or broken line permits entry or exit.

A yellow line along the kerb indicates a clearway or no stopping zone; check signs for times and restrictions.

Bicycle lanes marked with a bicycle symbol and continuous line must not be driven in unless permitted by signs.

A stop line is a solid white line across your lane at a stop sign or traffic light; you must stop before the line, not on or past it.

Zebra crossings are marked by thick white stripes; you must give way to pedestrians on the crossing and must not stop on the crossing itself.

The Victorian graduated licensing system has four stages: learner permit, P1 probationary licence, P2 probationary licence, and full licence.

The learner knowledge test covers road rules, signs, and safe driving; a pass mark is required before a learner permit is issued.

The hazard perception test must be passed before booking the probationary licence test and assesses ability to respond to developing hazards.

The probationary licence test assesses driving competence; a pass converts the learner permit to a P1 licence with red P plates.

P1 lasts one year and P2 lasts three years; both require displaying the correct plates and carrying the licence while driving.

Learner drivers under 21 must hold the permit for at least 12 months before taking the probationary test; those 21 or over may take it sooner.

The log book must be signed by the supervising driver for each session and presented at the probationary licence test.

The legal BAC limit is 0.05 for full licence holders; learner, probationary, and specified professional drivers must have a zero BAC.

Random breath testing can occur anywhere and anytime; a reading of 0.05 or above results in immediate licence suspension and penalties.

Drug driving laws cover illegal drugs and impairing prescription medication; a positive roadside saliva test leads to suspension.

Vehicles must be registered and roadworthy; tyres need at least 1.5 mm tread and lights, brakes, and seatbelts must function correctly.

Seatbelts must be worn by all occupants; children under seven require an approved child restraint suited to their size.

Mobile phone use while driving is restricted: learners and P1 drivers cannot use any phone, and full licence holders may only use hands-free devices secured in a cradle.

A vehicle involved in a crash must stop, details must be exchanged, and police must be notified if anyone is injured or property damage exceeds the reportable amount.

Maintain a two-second gap in dry conditions and at least four seconds in wet or poor visibility; increase further for heavy vehicles.

Scan ahead 12 to 15 seconds and check mirrors every 5 to 8 seconds to detect hazards early.

Hazards include pedestrians, cyclists, parked cars, animals, roadworks, and weather; classify each as static or dynamic and respond early.

Stopping distance is reaction distance plus braking distance; braking distance increases with the square of speed, so doubling speed quadruples it.

Fatigue impairs driving similarly to alcohol; take a break every two hours and avoid driving after 17 hours awake.

At night, drive within the distance illuminated by headlights and dip high beam when within 200 metres of another vehicle.

In a breakdown or crash, move off the road if possible, use hazard lights, and place warning devices only where safe and legal.

Regulatory signs are circular with red borders for prohibitions or rectangular with black text on white; they are enforceable.

Warning signs are yellow diamonds with black symbols and alert drivers to hazards ahead.

STOP signs are red octagons; GIVE WAY signs are inverted red-bordered triangles.

Traffic light sequence is red, green, yellow, red; a flashing yellow circle means proceed with caution, and a flashing red means stop then proceed when safe.

A steady yellow or amber light means stop unless it is unsafe to do so; entering on amber when you could stop safely is an offence.

A continuous centre line must not be crossed to overtake; broken lines may be crossed when safe; double lines mean the nearer line governs.

Painted islands bounded by continuous lines must not be driven on except to enter or leave a road or driveway where permitted.

Learner permit holders must carry the permit, display L plates front and rear, and be supervised by a fully licensed driver in the front passenger seat.

Learners must complete at least 120 hours of supervised driving, including 20 hours at night, recorded in a log book.

P1 licence holders display red P plates, cannot carry more than one peer passenger aged 16 to 21 without exemption, and cannot use any mobile phone while driving.

P2 licence holders display green P plates and must still maintain zero BAC and follow mobile phone restrictions.

Demerit points accumulate: 12 points in three years for a full licence or 5 points in 12 months for learners and P1 results in suspension.

Driving on an expired or suspended licence is an offence carrying fines, demerit points, and possible vehicle immobilisation.

The hazard perception test must be passed before the probationary licence test; the knowledge test precedes the learner permit.

The legal BAC limit is 0.05 for full licence holders, 0.02 for probationary and learner drivers, and 0.00 for bus, heavy truck, and taxi drivers.

Random breath and drug testing can occur at any time; refusing a test is an offence with penalties similar to exceeding the limit.

Driving with illegal drugs or impairing prescription medication in the system is an offence; a positive saliva test results in immediate suspension.

Vehicles must be registered, insured with compulsory third party cover, and roadworthy with working lights, brakes, tyres, and seatbelts.

Tyres must have at least 1.5 mm tread depth; cracked windscreens that obscure vision must be repaired or replaced.

All occupants must wear seatbelts; children under seven must use an approved child restraint appropriate to age and size.

Hand-held mobile phone use while driving is illegal; full licence holders may use hands-free devices only if secured in a cradle and not touched.

Keep left of the centre line unless overtaking, turning right, or avoiding an obstruction; stay in the left lane on multi-lane roads unless signs direct otherwise.

Default urban speed limit is 50 km/h unless posted; rural roads default to 100 km/h unless signs show otherwise.

At a stop sign or stop line, come to a complete stop, give way to all traffic, then proceed only when safe.

At a give way sign, slow down and stop if necessary to give way to vehicles already on the road or approaching as signed.

When turning right, give way to oncoming vehicles going straight ahead and to pedestrians crossing the road you are entering.

Indicate for at least five seconds before changing lanes or diverging, and long enough before turning to warn other road users.

Overtaking is prohibited at no overtaking lines, pedestrian and children's crossings, and where a school bus displays flashing lights.

A U-turn is illegal at traffic lights unless signed, across continuous dividing lines, and where a no U-turn sign applies.

Scan 12 to 15 seconds ahead and check mirrors every 5 to 8 seconds to detect hazards early.

A hazard is anything requiring a change of speed or direction; classify hazards as static or dynamic and respond early.

The four-step hazard response is scan, identify, decide, and act smoothly and early.

Stopping distance equals reaction distance plus braking distance; reaction distance grows with speed and fatigue, braking distance with the square of speed.

Wet weather can roughly double braking distance; gravel and unsealed surfaces increase it further, so reduce speed and increase gaps.

Fatigue impairs driving similarly to alcohol; take a break every two hours and avoid driving after 17 hours awake.

At night, drive within the distance lit by headlights and dip high beam when within 200 metres of another vehicle.

When a heavy vehicle indicates a left turn, do not pass on the left; it may swing right first and needs extra space.

Regulatory signs are circular with red borders for prohibitions or rectangular with black text on white; they are enforceable.

Warning signs are yellow diamonds with black symbols and alert drivers to hazards ahead.

STOP signs are red octagons; GIVE WAY signs are inverted red-bordered triangles.

Traffic light sequence is red, green, yellow, red; a flashing yellow circle means proceed with caution, and a flashing red means stop then proceed when safe.

A steady yellow or amber light means stop unless it is unsafe to do so; entering on amber when you could stop safely is an offence.

A continuous centre line must not be crossed to overtake; broken lines may be crossed when safe; double lines mean the nearer line governs.

Painted islands bounded by continuous lines must not be driven on except to enter or leave a road or driveway where permitted.

A yellow painted edge line marks a clearway or no stopping zone; a red painted line marks a no stopping area at all times.

Learner permit holders must carry the permit, display L plates front and rear, and be supervised by a fully licensed driver in the front passenger seat.

Learners must complete at least 120 hours of supervised driving, including 20 hours at night, recorded in a log book.

P1 licence holders display red P plates, cannot carry more than one peer passenger aged 16 to 21 without exemption, and cannot use any mobile phone while driving.

P2 licence holders display green P plates and must maintain zero BAC and follow mobile phone restrictions.

Demerit points accumulate: 12 points in three years for a full licence or 5 points in 12 months for learners and P1 results in suspension.

Driving on an expired or suspended licence is an offence carrying fines, demerit points, and possible vehicle immobilisation.

The hazard perception test must be passed before the probationary licence test; the knowledge test precedes the learner permit.

Learner drivers under 21 must hold the permit for at least 12 months before the probationary test; those 21 or over may take it sooner.

The legal BAC limit is 0.05 for full licence holders, 0.02 for probationary and learner drivers, and 0.00 for bus, heavy truck, and taxi drivers.

Random breath and drug testing can occur at any time; refusing a test is an offence with penalties similar to exceeding the limit.

Driving with illegal drugs or impairing prescription medication in the system is an offence; a positive saliva test results in immediate suspension.

Vehicles must be registered, insured with compulsory third party cover, and roadworthy with working lights, brakes, tyres, and seatbelts.

Tyres must have at least 1.5 mm tread depth; cracked windscreens that obscure vision must be repaired or replaced.

All occupants must wear seatbelts; children under seven must use an approved child restraint appropriate to age and size.

Hand-held mobile phone use while driving is illegal; full licence holders may use hands-free devices only if secured in a cradle and not touched.

After a crash involving injury or reportable property damage, stop, exchange details, and report to police as required.