Edutest flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Percentage change formula
- Percentage change equals (new value minus old value) divided by old value, multiplied by 100; a positive result is an increase and a negative result is a decrease.
- Average speed equal distances
- When equal distances are traveled at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy divided by (x + y), not the simple mean (x + y)/2.
- Compound interest formula
- A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P is principal, r is annual rate, n is compounds per year, and t is years; interest earns interest each period.
- Work rate together
- If worker A completes a job in a days and worker B in b days, working together they finish in ab/(a + b) days, because rates add.
- Direct proportion
- Two quantities are directly proportional when y = kx for a constant k; doubling x doubles y, and the ratio y/x stays constant.
- Inverse proportion
- Two quantities are inversely proportional when y = k/x; doubling x halves y, and the product xy remains constant.
- Ratio sharing
- To divide a total T in the ratio a:b:c, add the parts to get a+b+c, then each share equals its part divided by the sum, multiplied by T.
- Analogy relationship types
- Common analogy relationships include part to whole, cause to effect, synonym, antonym, degree, and function; identify the exact link before choosing an answer.
- Letter position conversion
- Convert letters to numbers using A=1 through Z=26; in letter series, compute the jumps between positions to find the pattern.
- All A are B
- The statement ‘all A are B’ does not imply ‘all B are A’; only conclusions that must be true from the given statements are valid.
- Odd one out strategy
- Group the words by a shared property such as meaning, word class, or category; the word that cannot join any group is the answer.
- Antonym versus synonym
- A synonym has a similar meaning to the target word, while an antonym has the opposite meaning; check the direction the question asks for.
- Word code shift
- In letter-shift codes, each letter is replaced by another a fixed number of positions away, such as +3 meaning A becomes D.
- Main idea
- The main idea is the central point that the entire passage supports; details illustrate it but do not replace it as the overall claim.
- Valid inference
- A valid inference follows necessarily from the text; if an answer requires outside knowledge or a guess, it is not supported by the passage.
- Author's tone
- Tone is the author’s attitude, such as critical, neutral, or enthusiastic, revealed through word choice, adjectives, and punctuation.
- According to the passage
- Questions phrased ‘according to the passage’ require locating explicit information in the text, not adding personal opinion or prior knowledge.
- Vocabulary in context
- To find a word’s meaning in context, substitute each answer choice into the sentence and check whether the passage’s meaning is preserved.
- Author's purpose
- Purpose is why the author writes, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or compare; structure and verb choices signal which purpose is intended.
- Extreme answer choices
- Options containing all, never, or always are usually wrong unless the passage states them absolutely; moderate, text-supported options are safer.
- Area of a triangle
- The area of a triangle equals one half multiplied by its base and height, where height is perpendicular to the chosen base.
- Pythagorean theorem
- In a right triangle, a² + b² = c², where a and b are the legs and c is the hypotenuse opposite the right angle.
- Slope of a line
- Slope equals (y₂ − y₁) divided by (x₂ − x₁); parallel lines have equal slopes, and perpendicular slopes multiply to negative one.
- Quadratic formula
- For ax² + bx + c = 0, x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)]/(2a); the discriminant b² − 4ac indicates the number of real roots.
- Probability of an event
- Probability equals favorable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes; the probability of the complement is 1 minus the event probability.
- Mean, median, mode
- Mean is the sum divided by the count; median is the middle value when ordered; mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data set.
- Volume of a cylinder
- The volume of a cylinder equals πr²h, where r is the base radius and h is the height; a cone has one third of this volume.
- Comma splice
- A comma splice joins two independent clauses with only a comma; correct it with a conjunction, a semicolon, or a period.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb; ignore phrases between the subject and verb.
- Dangling modifier
- A dangling modifier lacks a logical subject in the main clause; rewrite so the word being described immediately follows the modifier.
- Parallel structure
- Items in a list or comparison must share the same grammatical form, such as all verbs, all nouns, or all infinitive phrases.
- Colon use
- A colon follows a complete clause to introduce a list, explanation, or quotation; it should not separate a verb from its object.