Aruba Landsexamen HAVO flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Tekstdoel

The purpose of a text: to inform, persuade, activate, amuse, or give an opinion. Each purpose has characteristic signals such as facts, arguments, calls to action, storylines, or opinions.

Signaalwoorden

Words that indicate coherence in a text, such as 'doordat' (cause-effect), 'ten eerste' (enumeration), 'maar' (contrast), 'zoals' (example), and 'dus' (conclusion).

't Kofschip

A mnemonic for Dutch spelling: if the stem of a weak verb ends in t, k, f, s, ch, or p, the past tense ends in -te/-ten; otherwise -de/-den.

Papiamento plural suffix

The plural of nouns is formed by adding '-nan' to the singular form, e.g., 'kas' (house) becomes 'kasnan' (houses).

Papiamento tense particles

Verb tense is shown by preverbal particles: 'ta' for present, 'a' for past, 'lo' for future, 'tabata' for past continuous, and 'lo ta' for future continuous.

Papiamento pronouns

Subject pronouns: mi (I), bo (you informal), e (he/she/it), nos (we), boso (you plural), nan (they). Possessives: mi, bo, su, nos, boso, nan.

Present perfect

A tense formed with have/has + past participle, used for past actions with a connection to the present (experience, result) or actions continuing to now.

Second conditional

A conditional sentence for unreal or hypothetical present situations: if + past simple, would + infinitive (e.g., If I were rich, I would travel).

Reported speech

Indirect speech that reports what someone said, requiring backshift of tenses (present to past, past to past perfect) and changes to pronouns and time/place expressions.

Ser vs. estar

Spanish verbs 'to be': 'ser' for permanent or essential qualities (identity, origin, profession); 'estar' for temporary states, location, and progressive actions.

Por vs. para

Spanish prepositions: 'por' indicates cause, exchange, duration, or movement through; 'para' indicates purpose, destination, deadline, or recipient.

Spanish subjunctive

A verb mood used for wishes, doubts, emotions, and impersonal expressions, e.g., 'Quiero que vengas' (I want you to come). Endings differ for -ar and -er/-ir verbs.

Discriminant

For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, the discriminant D = b² - 4ac. If D > 0 there are two real solutions; D = 0 one; D < 0 none.

Slope formula

The slope (richtingscoëfficiënt) of a line through points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) is a = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁). In y = ax + b, a is the slope.

Law of cosines

In any triangle, a² = b² + c² - 2bc cos A, where A is the angle opposite side a. Used to find a side or angle when two sides and the included angle are known.

Photosynthesis equation

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight, in chloroplasts.

Newton's second law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass: F = ma.

Ohm's law

The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance: V = IR.

Mole concept

One mole of a substance contains Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³) of particles. Molar mass is the mass of one mole in grams.

pH scale

A scale from 0 to 14 measuring acidity: pH < 7 is acidic, pH = 7 neutral, pH > 7 basic. Each unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Aruba autonomy

Aruba became a separate country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 1 January 1986, with its own constitution, government, and parliament (Staten).

Price elasticity of demand

A measure of how much quantity demanded responds to a price change: % change in quantity demanded divided by % change in price. Elastic if > 1, inelastic if < 1.

Separation of powers

The division of government into legislative (makes laws), executive (implements laws), and judicial (interprets laws) branches, to prevent concentration of power.

GDP

Gross Domestic Product: the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period, usually a year.

Flowchart symbols

Standard shapes: oval for start/end, rectangle for process, diamond for decision, parallelogram for input/output, and arrows for flow direction.

SMART criteria

A framework for setting goals or research questions: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

CRAAP test

A method to evaluate sources: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose. Used to assess reliability of information for research.

Reliability vs. validity

Reliability means consistent results across repeated measurements; validity means the method measures what it is intended to measure. Both are essential in research.

APA citation

A referencing style: author(s), year of publication, title, and source. In-text: (Author, Year). Full reference in the bibliography.

Informed consent

Ethical requirement that research participants voluntarily agree to take part after being informed about the purpose, procedures, risks, and their right to withdraw.

Profielwerkstuk

A substantial research project (minimum 80 hours) in Dutch secondary education, on a topic related to the student's profile, requiring a research question, methodology, and report.

Qualitative vs. quantitative

Qualitative research collects non-numerical data (interviews, observations) to understand meanings; quantitative research collects numerical data (surveys, experiments) for statistical analysis.