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AZ Cosmetology study materials
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AZ Cosmetology practice questions

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Question 1Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which term describes the process that destroys all microbial life, including bacterial spores?

  1. Sanitizing
  2. Disinfection
  3. Decontamination
  4. Sterilization Correct answer.

Explanation

Sterilization destroys all microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial spores. Disinfection destroys most pathogenic organisms on nonporous surfaces but not necessarily spores, and sanitizing only reduces the bacterial count to a safe level. Decontamination is a general removal of contaminants.

Question 2Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which federal agency must register a disinfectant before it can be sold with a hospital-grade claim?

  1. EPA Correct answer.
  2. FDA
  3. OSHA
  4. CDC

Explanation

The EPA registers disinfectants and reviews label claims, including hospital-grade and tuberculocidal claims. OSHA enforces workplace safety rules but does not register products, the FDA regulates drugs and cosmetics, and the CDC issues guidance only.

Question 3Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

How long should hands be lathered and rubbed together during routine handwashing?

  1. At least 20 seconds Correct answer.
  2. At least 5 seconds
  3. At least 2 minutes
  4. About 10 seconds

Explanation

Routine handwashing should last at least 20 seconds with soap and warm running water, scrubbing palms, backs, between fingers, and under the nails. Shorter times do not give soap enough contact time to lift and rinse away microorganisms.

Question 4Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which item must be discarded after a single use on one client?

  1. Disposable nail file Correct answer.
  2. Metal haircutting shears
  3. Autoclave-safe tweezers
  4. Reusable glass bowl

Explanation

Porous items such as emery boards, wooden sticks, and cotton cannot be reliably cleaned and disinfected because fluids soak into them, so they are used once and discarded. Nonporous metal and glass implements can be cleaned, disinfected, and reused.

Question 5Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which document provides handling, storage, and first-aid information for a salon chemical?

  1. Safety Data Sheet Correct answer.
  2. Service menu
  3. State license certificate
  4. Client intake card

Explanation

The Safety Data Sheet, formerly called the MSDS, must be kept on file for every chemical product in the salon. It describes hazards, safe handling, storage, and first aid under OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard.

Question 6Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which type of immunity does the body develop after recovering from an infection?

  1. Natural acquired immunity Correct answer.
  2. Artificial passive immunity
  3. Innate immunity
  4. Natural passive immunity

Explanation

Naturally acquired active immunity develops after the body is exposed to a disease organism and produces its own antibodies. Passive immunity comes from antibodies received from another source rather than made by the person.

Question 7Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which class of fire extinguisher is designed for flammable liquids such as alcohol and nail polish solvents?

  1. Class C
  2. Class D
  3. Class A
  4. Class B Correct answer.

Explanation

Class B extinguishers are intended for flammable liquids such as alcohol, solvents, and oils. Class A is for ordinary combustibles, Class C for energized electrical equipment, and Class D for combustible metals.

Question 8Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which practice is required under OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard when a service may involve contact with blood?

  1. Requiring HIV testing of every client before service
  2. Using universal precautions with every client Correct answer.
  3. Wearing gloves only when the client asks for them
  4. Disinfecting tools once a week

Explanation

The standard requires universal precautions: all blood and certain body fluids are treated as potentially infectious regardless of the client's appearance or stated history. Gloves are worn whenever contact with blood or body fluids is likely, not only when a client requests it.

Question 9Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

A technician mixes bleach with an ammonia-based cleaner to make a stronger disinfectant. What is the primary hazard of this mixture?

  1. The solution becomes flammable
  2. The disinfectant loses its color
  3. Toxic gases may be released Correct answer.
  4. The mixture evaporates too quickly

Explanation

Mixing bleach with ammonia or ammonia-containing cleaners releases toxic chloramine gas, and mixing bleach with acids releases chlorine gas. Disinfectants should never be combined; each product is used exactly as labeled.

Question 10Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

An EPA-registered hospital disinfectant label states a contact time of 10 minutes. What does this mean?

  1. The product may be reused for up to 10 minutes
  2. The item must stay wet with the product for 10 minutes Correct answer.
  3. The product expires 10 minutes after it is mixed
  4. The product must be rinsed off thoroughly after 10 minutes

Explanation

Contact time, or dwell time, is how long the item must remain wet with the disinfectant for the label's claims to hold. If the surface dries before that time elapses, the item has not been properly disinfected.

Question 11Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which set of items can be safely disinfected and reused on multiple clients?

  1. Cotton balls and emery boards
  2. Wooden orangewood sticks and tissues
  3. Nail files and neck strips
  4. Metal tweezers and glass bowls Correct answer.

Explanation

Nonporous items such as metal implements and glass bowls can be cleaned, disinfected, and reused because their surfaces do not absorb fluids. Porous items like cotton, wood, and emery boards must be discarded after one use.

Question 12Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Quaternary ammonium compounds are most commonly used in salons as what?

  1. A sterilant for surgical instruments
  2. A disinfectant for nonporous surfaces Correct answer.
  3. A nail polish solvent
  4. A skin antiseptic for clients

Explanation

Quaternary ammonium compounds, or quats, are widely used low-level disinfectants for nonporous surfaces such as combs, implements, and counters. They are not sterilants, skin antiseptics, or solvents.

Question 13Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which item is appropriate to process in an autoclave?

  1. Stainless steel tweezers Correct answer.
  2. Nail polish and polish remover
  3. Disposable emery boards
  4. Plastic combs and brushes

Explanation

An autoclave uses steam under pressure to sterilize items that can withstand high heat and moisture, such as stainless steel implements. Plastics melt, flammable liquids are unsafe to process, and porous disposables are simply discarded.

Question 14Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

After implements have been cleaned and disinfected, how should they be stored?

  1. In a clean, covered container Correct answer.
  2. Wrapped in a used towel
  3. In a container of tap water
  4. In a closed drawer with soiled linens

Explanation

Disinfected implements must be kept in a clean, covered container so dust, hair, and contaminants do not settle on them. Storing them with soiled linens or in standing water recontaminates them.

Question 15Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which infection is a major bloodborne risk for cosmetologists and can be prevented by vaccination?

  1. Impetigo
  2. Pediculosis
  3. Hepatitis B Correct answer.
  4. Tinea pedis

Explanation

Hepatitis B is a bloodborne virus and is the most significant vaccine-preventable bloodborne risk in personal services. Tinea pedis is fungal, pediculosis is a parasite infestation, and impetigo is a bacterial skin infection.

Question 16Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

A client has a swollen, red, pus-filled area around one fingernail. This condition is best described as what?

  1. A local infection Correct answer.
  2. A systemic infection
  3. A nonpathogenic condition
  4. An acquired immunodeficiency

Explanation

A local infection is confined to one area and produces redness, swelling, pain, heat, and pus. A systemic infection spreads through the body and usually brings fever and general illness.

Question 17Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

What is the required first step before disinfecting an implement that has visible blood on it?

  1. Storing it until the end of the day
  2. Cleaning it with soap and water Correct answer.
  3. Soaking it in disinfectant before wiping
  4. Wiping it with a dry paper towel

Explanation

Visible blood and debris must be removed with soap and water before disinfection because organic matter can inactivate the disinfectant. The tool is then completely immersed in an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant for the labeled contact time.

Question 18Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which condition is caused by a fungus?

  1. Hepatitis
  2. Scabies
  3. Herpes simplex
  4. Tinea barbae Correct answer.

Explanation

Tinea barbae is a fungal infection of the beard area, related to ringworm and athlete's foot. Herpes simplex and hepatitis are viral, and scabies is caused by a parasite.

Question 19Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which solution is commonly used to disinfect a hard surface after a blood spill?

  1. A freshly prepared 10 percent bleach solution Correct answer.
  2. Full-strength household bleach straight from the bottle
  3. 70 percent isopropyl alcohol
  4. Warm soapy water

Explanation

A freshly prepared 10 percent bleach solution is commonly used on surfaces contaminated with blood or body fluids, following label directions and the required contact time. Undiluted bleach is corrosive, alcohol is not the standard for blood spills, and soapy water alone does not disinfect.

Question 20Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

A client arrives with an inflamed, oozing lesion on the scalp. What is the appropriate action?

  1. Proceed if the client signs a liability waiver
  2. Disinfect the area with alcohol and proceed
  3. Cover the lesion with a clean bandage and continue the service
  4. Postpone the service and refer to a physician Correct answer.

Explanation

An inflamed, oozing, or pus-filled lesion may be a contagious bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, so cosmetology services are contraindicated. The service should be postponed and the client referred to a physician.

Question 21Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which practice is acceptable when preparing a disinfectant solution for salon use?

  1. Topping off an old solution with fresh concentrate each week
  2. Relying on the color of the liquid to judge its strength
  3. Keeping the solution in an unlabeled spray bottle
  4. Mixing fresh solution and labeling the container Correct answer.

Explanation

Disinfectants must be diluted exactly as the label directs, prepared fresh, and kept in a properly labeled container. Topping off, judging strength by color, or using unlabeled bottles allows the solution to lose effectiveness and violates labeling rules.

Question 22Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

A salon is being remodeled and new outlets are installed near the shampoo sinks. Which device is required at those outlets to reduce shock risk?

  1. A GFCI Correct answer.
  2. A surge suppressor
  3. A voltage regulator
  4. A circuit breaker

Explanation

A ground fault circuit interrupter detects a small current imbalance and shuts off power quickly, which is why it is required at outlets near water sources. A circuit breaker protects wiring from overload rather than people from small ground faults.

Question 23Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

A disinfectant label carries a tuberculocidal claim. What does that claim indicate?

  1. The product is safe to use on skin
  2. The product sterilizes metal implements
  3. The product destroys all bacterial spores
  4. The product kills tuberculosis bacteria Correct answer.

Explanation

A tuberculocidal claim means the EPA-registered product is proven to kill the tuberculosis organism, which is more resistant than many bacteria and is used as a benchmark of intermediate-level strength. The claim does not mean the product sterilizes items or is safe on skin.

Question 24Infection Control, Sanitation, and Safety Practices

Which work practice best reduces a stylist's risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome?

  1. Holding tools with a relaxed, neutral wrist Correct answer.
  2. Gripping the shears tightly throughout the entire day
  3. Working through pain to build hand strength
  4. Keeping the wrists bent while cutting

Explanation

Neutral wrist positions and relaxed grips reduce prolonged strain on the median nerve and tendons. Tight gripping, bent wrists, and working through pain increase the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 25Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Under Arizona law, how many hours of board-approved training must an applicant complete before qualifying for a cosmetologist license?

  1. 1,000 hours
  2. 1,200 hours
  3. 1,600 hours Correct answer.
  4. 2,000 hours

Explanation

Arizona sets the cosmetologist training requirement at 1,600 hours, completed at a board-licensed school. The hours are verified by the school before an applicant may sit for the licensing examination.

Question 26Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Arizona requires an applicant for a nail technician license to complete how many hours of training?

  1. 600 hours Correct answer.
  2. 1,600 hours
  3. 300 hours
  4. 1,000 hours

Explanation

The nail technician curriculum in Arizona is a 600-hour program covering manicuring, pedicuring, artificial nails, and sanitation. The hours must be earned at a licensed school before the licensing exam.

Question 27Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A curling iron slips out of the licensee's hand and lands on the floor mid-service. Before it touches another client, the implement must be:

  1. wiped dry with a towel and placed back on the station
  2. rinsed under warm running water and air dried
  3. cleaned and disinfected before reuse Correct answer.
  4. stored in a drawer until the end of the day

Explanation

Any implement that contacts the floor is considered contaminated and must be cleaned to remove debris, then disinfected with an EPA-registered product before it is used again. Merely wiping or rinsing does not meet the disinfection standard of the board's sanitation rules.

Question 28Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A client's scalp bleeds slightly during a chemical service. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. Rinse the area with cool water and resume the service after five minutes
  2. Stop the service, put on gloves, and disinfect the area and tools Correct answer.
  3. Blot the area with a towel and complete the chemical service as planned
  4. Apply styptic powder to the cut and finish the chemical application

Explanation

Blood carries bloodborne pathogens, so the service stops immediately, gloves are worn, and all contacted surfaces and implements are cleaned and disinfected with an EPA-registered hospital-grade product. Contaminated disposable items are placed in a sealed bag and discarded.

Question 29Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A client arrives with an inflamed, ring-shaped lesion on the scalp that appears to be ringworm. The licensee should:

  1. Decline the service and refer the client to a physician Correct answer.
  2. Perform the service using a separate set of tools
  3. Cover the lesion with a bandage and proceed with the haircut
  4. Treat the area with an antifungal shampoo before the service

Explanation

A licensee may not knowingly serve a client with a contagious or infectious condition because doing so risks transmission to other clients and staff. The client is referred for medical diagnosis and treatment, and the service can resume once a physician releases the client.

Question 30Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Before applying an aniline-derivative tint to a client who has never had one, the licensee is expected to:

  1. confirm the client has had a color service in the past year
  2. have the client sign a release-of-liability form
  3. apply the tint to a small strand immediately before the service
  4. perform a patch test at least 24 hours before the service Correct answer.

Explanation

Aniline-derivative tints can trigger a severe allergic reaction, so a patch test is performed on the skin at least 24 hours before the first application. The delay allows a sensitized reaction to appear before the client's hair or scalp is exposed.

Question 31Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

While services are being performed, where must a practitioner's current individual license be kept?

  1. At the licensee's home, to be produced within 30 days of a request
  2. Displayed at the licensee's work station Correct answer.
  3. Filed with the salon's business license behind the front counter
  4. In a locked file at the salon's reception desk

Explanation

Arizona requires each licensed practitioner to display a current license at the work station so it is visible to clients and readily verifiable by a board representative. The salon's own license is displayed separately and does not cover its employees.

Question 32Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Which statement about salon licensing in Arizona is accurate?

  1. A salon needs its own license, separate from employee licenses Correct answer.
  2. Only salons with more than three employees need a license
  3. A salon license is issued to each practitioner who rents a booth
  4. A salon may operate under the owner's individual practitioner license

Explanation

A salon must obtain a license for the establishment itself, in addition to every practitioner holding an individual license. Booth renters are independent licensees and do not receive a salon license in their own name for the shared space.

Question 33Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A nail technician employed at a licensed salon performs a chemical peel on a client's face. How should this conduct be characterized?

  1. Acceptable, because the technician completed a weekend training course
  2. Unprofessional conduct, because the service exceeds the license's scope Correct answer.
  3. Acceptable, because a cosmetologist was nearby in the salon
  4. Acceptable, because the client signed a consent form first

Explanation

A license authorizes only the services within that license category, and providing services outside its scope is unprofessional conduct subject to discipline. A private class, a consent form, or the presence of another licensee does not expand the legal scope of a license.

Question 34Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A client discloses a medical condition to an aesthetician during a service. The aesthetician may share that information:

  1. with any coworker who asks about the client's health
  2. in a social media post as long as the client's name is omitted
  3. whenever the aesthetician believes the information may help someone
  4. with the client's written consent or when the law requires disclosure Correct answer.

Explanation

Health information learned in the course of service is confidential and may be released only with the client's authorization or where a law or regulation compels it. Even anonymized details can identify a client in a small community, so casual disclosure is not acceptable.

Question 35Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Board sanitation rules require a licensee to wash their hands:

  1. before and after providing service to each client Correct answer.
  2. once at the start of each shift and after any break
  3. once per hour while clients are being served
  4. only when the hands are visibly soiled

Explanation

Handwashing with soap and water is required before and after contact with each client to interrupt the transfer of microorganisms. Hand sanitizer may supplement but does not replace handwashing after contact with body fluids.

Question 36Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Which practice complies with Arizona rules for towels and linens used in a salon?

  1. Storing clean and soiled linens together in one cabinet
  2. Shaking soiled linens in the service area before washing
  3. Using a clean towel for each client and laundering soiled linens Correct answer.
  4. Reusing a towel if it looks clean and was used only briefly

Explanation

Linens must be clean for each client and soiled linens must be laundered before reuse. Soiled linens are handled and stored in a way that prevents contamination of clean supplies and the service area.

Question 37Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A board inspector arrives during posted business hours and asks to examine the salon and its records. The licensee should:

  1. ask the inspector to return after the last client leaves
  2. permit a search only if the inspector presents a court warrant
  3. refer the inspector to the owner and refuse entry
  4. allow the inspection of the premises and records Correct answer.

Explanation

Licensed establishments consent to inspection by the board as a condition of licensure, and refusing access can itself result in discipline. The inspection is conducted during business hours and covers sanitation, licensing, and required records.

Question 38Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Which advertising practice is consistent with the board's professional conduct rules?

  1. Advertising a service the salon plans to offer next year
  2. Offering a free service that requires an undisclosed purchase
  3. Listing only services that licensed staff are qualified to perform Correct answer.
  4. Using a client photo with a caption promising guaranteed results

Explanation

Advertising must be truthful and limited to services the licensee is authorized to provide. Promising guaranteed outcomes, hiding conditions of an offer, or promoting services not yet legally available are deceptive practices subject to discipline.

Question 39Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Under Arizona law, providing cosmetology services for payment without a license is:

  1. allowed while the person is enrolled in a licensed school
  2. a violation that carries civil and criminal penalties Correct answer.
  3. permitted once the person has finished the required training hours
  4. permitted if the person works only on friends and family

Explanation

Unlicensed practice is unlawful in Arizona and can lead to civil penalties and criminal prosecution, in addition to board action against any licensee who aids it. Only a person holding a current license may provide services to the public for compensation.

Question 40Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A stylist learns that a coworker has been taking paying clients for months without any license. The most appropriate action is to:

  1. cover for the coworker, who is saving money for school
  2. report the unlicensed practice to the board Correct answer.
  3. raise the concern with the salon's other employees first
  4. ignore the matter because it is the owner's responsibility

Explanation

Knowingly allowing unlicensed practice endangers clients and exposes the reporter and the establishment to discipline, so the conduct is reported to the licensing board. Professional ethics require protecting the public over protecting a coworker.

Question 41Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A client mentions a past allergic reaction, and the licensee applies a relaxer anyway after having the client sign a waiver. If the client is injured, which outcome is correct?

  1. The client assumed all risk by agreeing to the service
  2. The licensee can still be held responsible for the injury Correct answer.
  3. The signed waiver fully protects the licensee from liability
  4. Responsibility shifts entirely to the salon owner

Explanation

A release signed by a client does not excuse a licensee from the duty to exercise reasonable care or from following manufacturer directions. Proceeding despite known allergy information is a departure from that standard and remains the licensee's responsibility.

Question 42Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A licensee may decline to provide a requested service to a prospective client only when:

  1. the client speaks a language the licensee does not understand
  2. the client asks too many questions about the products used
  3. a legitimate safety or professional reason exists Correct answer.
  4. the client's appearance suggests a limited budget

Explanation

Refusing service must rest on a genuine safety or professional basis, such as a contagious condition, contraindicated chemicals, or a service outside the licensee's scope. Refusing service for reasons tied to a protected characteristic or personal dislike violates anti-discrimination law.

Question 43Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

Which items should be documented in a client's service record?

  1. Only the amount the client paid for the service
  2. Copies of the client's identification documents
  3. The client's payment history and credit information
  4. The products used and any adverse reactions reported Correct answer.

Explanation

Service records should capture the products and chemicals applied, the formula, and any reactions or complaints so future services can be performed safely. Keeping unnecessary personal or financial data increases privacy risk without serving a professional purpose.

Question 44Arizona Cosmetology Law, Board Rules, and Professional Ethics

A client shows the licensee a scaly patch on the scalp and asks what disease it is. The licensee should:

  1. perform the service and note the condition in the client's file
  2. diagnose the condition and recommend an over-the-counter cream
  3. tell the client it is a common fungus and treat the area
  4. avoid diagnosing it and suggest the client consult a physician Correct answer.

Explanation

Diagnosing or treating disease is outside the scope of a cosmetology license, and doing so can delay proper medical care. The licensee describes what is observed, declines to name a condition, and refers the client to a physician.

Question 45Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments

The outermost layer of the hair shaft, made of overlapping transparent scales that protect the inner structures, is the:

  1. Cortex
  2. Papilla
  3. Medulla
  4. Cuticle Correct answer.

Explanation

The cuticle is the tough outer layer of overlapping scales that shields the cortex and medulla and regulates how much moisture enters and leaves the hair. When it is damaged, hair looks dull and breaks more easily.

Question 46Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments

Which phase of the hair growth cycle is the period of active growth?

  1. Exogen
  2. Catagen
  3. Telogen
  4. Anagen Correct answer.

Explanation

Anagen is the growth phase, when cells in the follicle divide rapidly and the hair lengthens; it lasts from months to several years depending on the body area. The other phases follow it as growth slows, rests, and the old hair is shed.

Question 47Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments

Natural hair color comes from pigment granules produced by cells known as:

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Keratinocytes
  3. Melanocytes Correct answer.
  4. Sebocytes

Explanation

Melanocytes in the follicle produce melanin, which is transferred into the growing hair and gives it its color. As melanin production decreases over time, hair appears gray or white.

Question 48Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments

For most clients, the appropriate water temperature for shampooing is:

  1. Cold water, because it closes the cuticle during cleansing
  2. Steaming hot water to soften the hair before lathering
  3. Water as hot as the client can comfortably tolerate
  4. Warm water that feels comfortable on the inner wrist Correct answer.

Explanation

Warm water melts and lifts sebum so the shampoo can emulsify it and rinse it away without stripping the scalp. Hot water can over-dry the scalp and roughen the cuticle, and cold water does not cleanse oily hair effectively.

Question 49Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments

The glands attached to hair follicles that secrete sebum and lubricate the hair and scalp are the:

  1. Lymph glands
  2. Endocrine glands
  3. Sudoriferous glands
  4. Sebaceous glands Correct answer.

Explanation

Sebaceous glands are attached to the follicle and release sebum, the natural oil that keeps hair supple and the scalp protected. Overactive sebaceous glands produce an oily scalp and stringy hair.

Question 50Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments

The main purpose of shampooing is to:

  1. Permanently straighten the hair shaft
  2. Close the cuticle layer so the hair stays smooth
  3. Deposit color pigment deep into the cortex of the hair shaft
  4. Cleanse the hair and scalp of dirt, oil, and buildup Correct answer.

Explanation

Shampoo removes sebum, perspiration, dirt, and styling residue so the scalp stays healthy and the hair can be styled and treated. It does not alter the hair's shape, color, or cuticle structure permanently.