Azerbaijan Healthcare Certification key terms

Death of heart muscle caused by sudden blockage of a coronary artery, producing chest pain, ECG changes, and rising cardiac markers; a time-critical emergency requiring rapid reperfusion.

An umbrella of conditions caused by reduced coronary blood flow, covering unstable angina and myocardial infarction; patients need urgent risk assessment and aspirin plus monitoring.

A heart muscle protein released into blood when cardiac cells are damaged; its measurement helps confirm myocardial infarction and track its extent.

Sudden loss of brain function from blocked or ruptured cerebral vessels, causing weakness, speech loss, or facial droop; urgent imaging decides whether thrombolysis is safe.

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated body response to infection; recognized by altered vital signs and mental state, it demands early antibiotics and fluid resuscitation.

Sepsis with persistent low blood pressure and high lactate despite adequate fluid replacement, carrying very high mortality; it requires vasopressors and intensive care.

A 3-to-15 score rating eye opening, verbal response, and motor response to assess consciousness after head injury or critical illness; lower scores signal worse brain function.

Sorting patients by urgency so that the sickest receive care first when resources are limited; used in emergency departments and mass-casualty incidents.

Raised blood pressure arising during pregnancy, ranging from gestational hypertension to pre-eclampsia; it threatens mother and fetus and needs close monitoring and timely delivery.

A pregnancy disorder marked by high blood pressure and protein in urine after 20 weeks, sometimes with swelling and organ damage; untreated it can progress to seizures and maternal death.

Scheduled health checks during pregnancy that monitor mother and fetus, screen for complications, and provide advice and vaccination; regular visits reduce maternal and newborn risk.

The controlled temperature system keeping vaccines from manufacture to injection; breaks in it reduce potency, so storage logs and temperature monitoring are mandatory.

The national schedule offering free routine vaccines at set ages to prevent major childhood diseases; it underpins population immunity and is tracked through coverage records.

The proportion of a target population that has received a recommended vaccine dose; high coverage prevents outbreaks, while gaps reveal weak services or hesitancy.

Indirect protection of unvaccinated people that arises when a large share of a population is immune, interrupting transmission chains; the threshold differs by disease.

A disease that doctors and laboratories must report to public health authorities by law, enabling outbreak detection and control; failure to report is a legal breach.

Continuous collection, analysis, and feedback of health data to detect changes in disease frequency and guide public health action; it is the backbone of outbreak response.

Identifying and following people exposed to an infectious case so they can be tested, isolated, or treated; it breaks transmission chains and is legally supported for certain infections.

Coordinated efforts to prescribe antibiotics only when needed, at the right dose and duration, to preserve drug effectiveness and limit resistance; guidelines and audit support it.

The ability of bacteria to survive drugs that once killed them, driven by overuse and incomplete courses; it makes common infections harder and costlier to treat.

Prescribing medicines that are appropriate to the patient's condition, dose, and duration, based on evidence and cost; it avoids unnecessary or harmful treatment.

A national roster of basic drugs chosen for safety, efficacy, and cost that the health system should always supply; it guides procurement and prescribing.

Legal and professional rules for writing prescriptions, covering required patient and drug details, legibility, signature, and limits on controlled substances; breaches can bring liability.

A patient's voluntary agreement to a test or treatment after receiving understandable information about benefits, risks, and alternatives; it must be documented and can be withdrawn.

The duty to keep patient health information private and share it only with those involved in care or as law permits; unauthorized disclosure can be both unethical and unlawful.

Entitlements of people receiving care, such as respect, privacy, information, safety, and complaint; they are protected by national health legislation and professional codes.

The ethical duty to tell a patient honestly when harm occurred during care, explain what happened, and offer support; concealment damages trust and may increase legal risk.

The legal document of a patient's history, findings, diagnoses, and treatment; it must be accurate, dated, signed, and stored securely to support care and accountability.

Systematic comparison of actual practice with agreed standards, followed by change to close the gap; it improves quality and safety using documented data.

Cleaning hands with soap and water or alcohol rub at defined moments of patient care; it is the single most effective measure against healthcare-associated infection.

An infection a patient acquires during care that was not present on admission; prevention relies on hand hygiene, clean equipment, and isolation practices.

Complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores, on instruments and surfaces using heat or chemicals; it is required for invasive procedures.

The mental process of gathering findings, forming likely diagnoses, and choosing tests and treatment while weighing alternatives; it reduces error and unnecessary investigation.

A ranked list of conditions that could explain a patient's presentation, used to plan targeted tests; it is refined as new evidence appears.

The professional duties and ethical conduct expected of doctors toward patients, colleagues, and society; it guides behavior where law alone gives no clear answer.

A health system goal ensuring everyone receives needed services without financial hardship; it is measured through population coverage, service range, and out-of-pocket spending.

Numbers describing births, deaths, disease, and service use that guide planning and evaluation; rates and ratios allow fair comparison between populations and periods.