BCSP ASP flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Hierarchy of Controls

Ranked intervention strategy from most to least effective: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment, which is the last line of defense.

Heinrich injury ratio

Classic accident pyramid showing roughly one major injury for every 29 minor injuries and 300 no-injury incidents, supporting focus on near misses and unsafe conditions.

Normalization of deviance

Process by which an organization gradually accepts repeated small departures from procedure or specification as normal, eroding safety margin until a serious failure occurs.

Leading versus lagging indicators

Leading indicators measure preventive activity such as inspections and near-miss reports; lagging indicators measure outcomes already realized, such as recordable injury rates and DART.

Swiss cheese model

Reason's accident model in which multiple defensive layers each contain holes; an incident occurs only when holes in successive layers align, allowing a hazard trajectory to pass through.

ISO 45001

International certifiable standard for occupational health and safety management systems, organized in clauses 4 through 10 and built on the plan-do-check-act continual improvement cycle.

ANSI/ASSP Z10

US consensus standard specifying requirements for an occupational health and safety management system, emphasizing management leadership, planning, implementation, evaluation, and correction.

Management review

Top management's planned evaluation of the safety management system for continuing suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness, producing decisions on resources, objectives, and improvement actions.

OSHA VPP

Voluntary Protection Programs in which OSHA recognizes sites with functioning safety management systems and injury and illness rates below the industry average; levels are Star, Merit, and Demonstration.

PDCA cycle

Plan-do-check-act: a four-stage continual improvement loop used by ISO 45001 and ISO 14001 to establish objectives, implement controls, monitor results, and correct deficiencies.

Risk definition

The combination of the likelihood that a hazardous event occurs and the severity of harm it would cause; distinct from the hazard, which is the source of potential harm.

ALARP principle

As low as reasonably practicable: risk must be reduced until the cost, time, and difficulty of further reduction are grossly disproportionate to the benefit gained.

Residual risk

The risk that remains after controls have been applied; it must be documented, communicated, and judged acceptable against criteria established before treatment.

Risk matrix

A qualitative or semi-quantitative tool that plots likelihood against severity to assign a risk score and an action priority band.

Bow-tie analysis

A diagram linking threats and preventive barriers to a top event, then mitigating barriers to consequences, used to visualize and verify layers of protection.

Job hazard analysis

A technique that breaks a job into sequential steps, identifies hazards and exposures in each step, and specifies controls before the task is performed.

Five whys

Root cause analysis technique that repeatedly asks why a condition or event occurred until the fundamental system-level cause, rather than the immediate cause, is identified.

Near miss

An unplanned event that did not cause injury, illness, or damage but had the potential to do so; investigated as evidence of a failed or missing control.

Lockout tagout

Energy control procedure requiring notification, shutdown, isolation, lock and tag application, release of stored energy, and verification of a zero energy state before work.

Permit-required confined space

A space with limited entry or exit, not designed for occupancy, containing or potentially containing a hazardous atmosphere or other serious hazard, requiring a written entry permit.

Kirkpatrick evaluation model

Four-level training evaluation: reaction, learning, behavior, and results; the higher levels measure on-the-job transfer and organizational outcomes.

ANSI/ASSP Z490.1

US consensus standard setting criteria for accepted practices in safety, health, and environmental training, covering program management, development, delivery, evaluation, and records.

ADDIE instructional model

Five-phase instructional design sequence: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, used to build task-relevant safety training.

Toolbox talk

A short, focused pre-task briefing for a crew that addresses the specific hazards, controls, and required behaviors for the work about to be performed.

General Duty Clause

OSH Act Section 5(a)(1): each employer must furnish a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm, used when no specific standard applies.

OSHA 300 log

Running record of work-related injuries and illnesses that meet recordability criteria; entries must be made within seven calendar days of learning of the case.

OSHA inspection priorities

Order of inspection selection: imminent danger, fatality or catastrophe, employee complaints and referrals, programmed inspections, and follow-up inspections.

Multi-employer worksite policy

OSHA policy allowing citations of the creating employer, exposing employer, correcting employer, and controlling employer on a site, based on their role and knowledge.

ISO 14001

International standard for environmental management systems, requiring an aspect and impact register, compliance obligations, objectives, operational controls, monitoring, and management review.

Aspect versus impact

An environmental aspect is an activity element that interacts with the environment; the impact is the resulting change to the environment, such as air emissions or resource depletion.

TRI Form R

EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory report on releases and waste management, filed annually by July 1 for the preceding calendar year.

RCRA generator categories

Hazardous waste generator classes by monthly output: very small under 100 kg, small 100 to 1,000 kg, large over 1,000 kg, each with distinct accumulation limits.