BCSP CSP cheat sheet

Noise dose: D = 100 × Σ(Ci/Ti), where Ti is the allowable exposure time at level i; D = 100% equals the permissible exposure limit.

Sound level addition: two equal sources add 3 dB; ten equal sources add 10 dB; dB = 10 log10(I/I0) with I0 = 1×10⁻¹² W/m².

Inverse square law: intensity varies as 1/d²; doubling distance reduces exposure to one quarter, a 6 dB drop.

Duct airflow: Q (cfm) = V (fpm) × A (ft²); circular duct area A = πr² = 0.7854 d².

Dilution ventilation: Q = [G × 10⁶ / (C − C0)] × K, with G in ft³/min, C in ppm, and K a mixing factor usually 1–10.

TWA = Σ(Ci × Ti)/8 for an 8-hour shift; compare the result to the applicable PEL, REL, or TLV.

Normal distribution: about 68% of values fall within ±1 SD, 95% within ±2 SD, and 99.7% within ±3 SD of the mean.

Ideal gas law PV = nRT; at constant temperature P1V1 = P2V2; at constant pressure V1/T1 = V2/T2 with T in kelvin.

WBGT (indoor, no solar load) = 0.7 Tnwb + 0.2 Tg + 0.1 Tdb; an added solar-load term applies outdoors.

ISO 45001 uses the Plan–Do–Check–Act cycle and requires context of the organization, leadership and worker participation, planning, support, operation, evaluation, and improvement.

ANSI/ASSP Z10 is a management system standard built on management leadership, planning, implementation and operation, evaluation and corrective action, and management review.

Hierarchy of controls, most to least effective: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and work practices, then PPE.

TRIR = (number of recordable cases × 200,000) ÷ total hours worked; 200,000 = 100 employees × 40 hours × 50 weeks.

DART rate = (days away, restricted, or transferred cases × 200,000) ÷ total hours worked.

Leading indicators (inspections completed, training hours, near-miss reports) measure prevention; lagging indicators (TRIR, DART, severity rate) measure outcomes.

Management review at planned intervals must consider audit results, incident data, and legal changes, and must produce decisions on resources and improvement.

Corrective actions must address root cause (5 Whys, fishbone, fault tree) and be verified for effectiveness, not merely closed on paper.

Risk = severity of consequence × probability of occurrence; the product is plotted on a matrix to rank and prioritize hazards.

ALARP: risk must be reduced as low as reasonably practicable; further reduction is required unless its cost is grossly disproportionate to the benefit.

Four risk treatment options: avoid, reduce, transfer (insurance or contract), and accept (retain).

Residual risk is what remains after controls; it must be documented and formally accepted at the appropriate authority level.

HAZOP applies guide words (no, more, less, reverse, part of, other than) to process parameters at nodes to identify deviations.

FMEA: RPN = severity × occurrence × detection; high-RPN items get priority action, and detection ratings reflect the ability to catch a failure.

Bow-tie diagram: threats → preventive barriers → top event → mitigating barriers → consequences.

LOPA compares mitigated event frequency against the tolerable frequency; each independent protection layer must be independent, specific, dependable, and auditable.

NIOSH lifting equation: RWL = LC × HM × VM × DM × AM × FM × CM; LI = load weight ÷ RWL; LI above 1.0 indicates increased risk for most workers.

Multipliers: HM = 25/H (cm); VM = 1 − 0.003|V − 75|; DM = 0.82 + 4.5/D; AM = 1 − 0.0032A; load constant LC = 51 lb (23 kg).

Hearing conservation program triggers at 85 dBA TWA; the OSHA PEL is 90 dBA TWA with a 5 dB exchange rate, so 95 dBA is permitted only 4 hours.

Noise dose D = 100 × Σ(Ci/Ti); a dose of 50% corresponds to an 85 dBA TWA under the 90 dBA, 5 dB criterion.

OSHA respirable crystalline silica PEL = 50 µg/m³ as an 8-hour TWA, with an action level of 25 µg/m³.

Heat acclimatization develops over roughly 5–14 days of gradual exposure; acclimatized workers sweat more and lose less salt.

Workstation design: keyboard at elbow height, monitor top at or just below eye level, and neutral wrist posture to limit cumulative trauma.

Hand-arm vibration: exposure action value 2.5 m/s² A(8) and limit value 5 m/s² A(8) under ISO 5349 and the EU Vibration Directive.

Heinrich ratio 1:29:300 - one serious injury for every 29 minor injuries and 300 no-injury incidents.

Swiss cheese model (Reason): losses occur when holes in organizational, supervisory, and human defense layers line up.

Relative risk = incidence in exposed ÷ incidence in unexposed; attributable risk = incidence exposed − incidence unexposed.

Incidence rate counts new cases per population at risk per unit time; prevalence counts all existing cases at a point in time.

Dose-response: response rises with dose; key metrics are threshold, NOAEL, LOAEL, and LD50 (dose lethal to 50% of test animals).

Inhalation is the most common occupational exposure route; dermal absorption is significant for many solvents and pesticides.

Reason's safety culture components: reporting culture, just (fair) culture, flexible culture, and learning culture.

Behavior-based safety observes at-risk behavior, provides feedback, and reinforces safe behavior; it supplements, not replaces, engineering controls.

LOTO sequence: prepare, notify, shut down, isolate, apply lock and tag, release stored energy, and verify by attempted startup.

Iceberg effect: insured costs are visible above the waterline; uninsured costs (lost time, training, morale, schedule) commonly run 1 to 4 times the insured costs.

Fall protection triggers: 4 ft in general industry, 6 ft in construction, and any height above dangerous equipment.

Guardrail top rail height 42 in ± 3 in with a 21 in midrail; the system must withstand a 200 lb load applied in any direction.

Permit-required confined space: contains a hazardous atmosphere or other serious hazard, has limited entry and exit, and is not designed for continuous occupancy.

Machine guarding is required at the point of operation, the power transmission apparatus, and all other moving parts.

CPTED principles: natural surveillance, natural access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance.

Fire tetrahedron: fuel, oxygen, heat, and a self-sustaining chemical chain reaction; removing any leg extinguishes the fire.

NFPA 30: a flammable liquid has a flash point below 100°F; a combustible liquid has a flash point at or above 100°F.

The flammable range lies between the lower and upper flammable limits; below the LFL the mixture is too lean, above the UFL too rich.

Fire classes: A ordinary combustibles, B flammable liquids and gases, C energized electrical, D combustible metals, K cooking oils.

Extinguisher travel distance: Class A ≤ 75 ft, Class B ≤ 30–50 ft, Class D ≤ 75 ft; Class C is rated on the underlying A or B hazard.

NFPA codes: 10 extinguishers, 13 sprinkler systems, 72 detection and alarm, 101 Life Safety Code, 30 flammable and combustible liquids.

Standard sprinkler ratings run 135–170°F for ordinary hazards; discharge density is expressed in gpm/ft² over the design area.

Standpipe classes: Class I (2.5 in, fire department use), Class II (1.5 in, occupant use), Class III (both).

OSHA 1910.38: a written emergency action plan is required when more than 10 employees are affected; 10 or fewer may communicate it orally.

EAP minimum elements: reporting procedures, evacuation procedures and routes, procedures to account for employees, and rescue and medical duties.

ICS structure: incident commander plus operations, planning, logistics, and finance/administration sections; command scales with incident complexity.

NIMS components: resource management, command and coordination, and communications and information management.

BLEVE: a pressurized flammable liquid tank is heated, relief capacity is exceeded, the vapor space ruptures, and the contents explode.

Shelter-in-place: shut down HVAC, seal windows and doors, move to an interior room, and monitor communications until the all-clear.

HazMat zones: hot (exclusion), warm (contamination reduction), and cold (support); entry PPE is matched to the ERG guide.

OSH Act Section 5(a)(1) General Duty Clause: the employer must furnish a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Recordkeeping: enter cases on the OSHA 300 log within 7 calendar days; post the 300A annual summary from February 1 through April 30.

Report to OSHA within 8 hours for a fatality and within 24 hours for an in-patient hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye.

Section 11(c) protects employees from retaliation for filing safety complaints or participating in inspections and proceedings.

Workers' compensation is no-fault and generally the exclusive remedy, covering medical costs and a portion of lost wages.

Negligence requires duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages; the standard of care is what a reasonably prudent professional would do.

Penalty structure (2024 adjusted): serious up to $16,131 per violation, willful or repeated up to $161,323, failure to abate up to $16,131 per day.