BCS Viva Voce cheat sheet

Battle of Plassey, 1757: Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah defeated by the East India Company under Robert Clive with Mir Jafar's defection.

Permanent Settlement of 1793 (Lord Cornwallis) fixed land revenue permanently with zamindars, shaping rural Bengal.

Partition of Bengal 1905 by Lord Curzon, annulled 1911; the 1947 Radcliffe Line divided Bengal between India and Pakistan.

Language Movement: 21 February 1952 police firing in Dhaka killed students including Salam, Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar, and others; UNESCO declared 21 February International Mother Language Day in 1999.

Six Point Movement, 1966, launched by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in Lahore; demands centred on provincial autonomy and fiscal control.

1969 Mass Uprising (Ganabhaban) forced Ayub Khan's fall; 1970 election gave Awami League 167 of 169 East Pakistan seats.

7 March 1971 speech at the Race Course (now Suhrawardy Udyan) effectively called for preparation for independence.

Operation Searchlight launched 25 March 1971; Bangabandhu declared independence in the early hours of 26 March 1971.

Mujibnagar (formerly Baidyanathtala, Meherpur) Provisional Government sworn in 17 April 1971; Syed Nazrul Islam acting President, Tajuddin Ahmad Prime Minister.

Mukti Bahini organised into 11 sectors; Sector 10 covered the naval commandos, Sector 11 the northern enclave.

Instrument of Surrender signed 16 December 1971 at Ramna Race Course by Lt Gen A.A.K. Niazi to Lt Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora; Bangladesh observes 16 December as Victory Day.

UN General Assembly Resolution 2793 (1971) called for withdrawal; Bangladesh joined the UN in 1974 after the 1972 Simla Agreement.

UNESCO recognised the 7 March speech as Memory of the World heritage in 2017; the Sundarbans and historic mosque city of Bagerhat are World Heritage Sites.

Genocide: Operation Searchlight and the 1971 crackdown killed an estimated 3 million; 200,000-400,000 women were affected, and about 10 million sought refuge in India.

Original Constitution adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; drafted under a committee chaired by Dr Kamal Hossain.

Four founding principles: nationalism, socialism, democracy, and secularism (Article 8).

Article 7: all power belongs to the people; Article 7A (inserted 2011) makes unconstitutional seizure of power treason.

Article 27 equality before law; Article 28 non-discrimination; Article 29 equality of opportunity in public employment.

Article 39 guarantees freedom of thought, conscience, and speech; subject to reasonable restrictions.

Article 102 provides writ jurisdiction of the High Court Division, including habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto.

Amendments require a two-thirds majority of total members of Parliament (Article 142); the 15th Amendment (2011) restored secularism and the 1972 principles.

Three organs: Legislature (Jatiya Sangsad, 350 seats incl. 50 reserved for women), Executive (President as constitutional head, Prime Minister as head of government), and Judiciary.

Article 55: the executive power of the Republic is exercised by the Prime Minister and Cabinet; Article 48: President acts on PM's advice except in limited cases.

Upazila Parishad is a local government tier under the Local Government (Upazila Parishad) Act 1998; Union Parishad governed by the 2009 Act.

Bangladesh Public Service Commission (BPSC) conducts recruitment for BCS and other posts under Article 137.

Annual Confidential Report (ACR) and the Public Servants (Discipline and Appeal) Rules 2018 govern civil-service performance and discipline.

Good governance indicators: accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, responsiveness, effectiveness, and equity.

Administrative structure: 8 divisions, 64 districts, 495 upazilas (approx.), and about 4,500 union parishads.

Bangladesh became the 33rd member of the WTO in 1995 and a founding member of SAARC (1985) and BIMSTEC (1997).

Rohingya influx: over 700,000 arrived after August 2017; Bangladesh and Myanmar signed repatriation arrangements in 2017-2018.

Padma Bridge inaugurated 25 June 2022; the 6.15 km road-rail bridge is Bangladesh's longest, built with domestic funding.

Bangladesh graduated from LDC status in the UN General Assembly in 2021 (effective 2026); it is a Climate Vulnerable Forum chair in 2020-2022.

2024 political transition: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and left on 5 August 2024; an interim government led by Muhammad Yunus took office on 8 August 2024.

Bangladesh is a top contributor to UN peacekeeping, with over 6,000 personnel deployed across missions.

Regional: India-Bangladesh land boundary agreement implemented 2015; Bangladesh-Myanmar maritime boundary settled by ITLOS in 2012.

UN founded 24 October 1945; 193 member states; six principal organs: General Assembly, Security Council, ECOSOC, Trusteeship Council, ICJ, and Secretariat.

Security Council has 15 members: 5 permanent (China, France, Russia, UK, US) with veto and 10 non-permanent elected for two-year terms.

Bangladesh served on the UN Security Council in 1979-80 and 2000-01; it has chaired the Peacebuilding Commission.

SDGs: 17 goals, 169 targets, adopted 2015 with a 2030 horizon; Bangladesh reports through the Voluntary National Review.

SAARC founded 8 December 1985 in Dhaka; BIMSTEC charter adopted 2022; both are regional cooperation frameworks involving Bangladesh.

Geopolitics: the Bay of Bengal is a strategic sea lane; Bangladesh's location links South Asia to Southeast Asia via the Bengal and Northeast India corridors.

Key UN bodies: UNHCR (refugees, Rohingya response), UNDP, WFP, UNICEF, and IOM operate large programmes in Bangladesh.

GDP growth averaged above 6% in the decade to 2023; per-capita income crossed USD 2,700 (FY2023).

Remittances exceed USD 20 billion annually; RMG accounts for over 80% of merchandise exports.

Budget: Annual Development Programme (ADP) is the capital budget; revenue comes from NBR taxes (VAT, income tax, customs) plus non-tax and foreign grants.

Fiscal deficit is targeted below 5% of GDP; public debt is around 35-40% of GDP, mostly domestic.

Monetary policy is set by Bangladesh Bank; inflation targeting and the policy rate (repo) are key tools; the taka is managed under a crawling peg.

Development: Padma Bridge, Karnaphuli tunnel, metro rail, and 100 special economic zones under the Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority.

Social safety nets: VGD, VGF, old-age allowance, and the Employment Generation Programme for the poorest.

Location: 20°34'-26°38' N, 88°01'-92°41' E; area 147,570 sq km; bordered by India, Myanmar, and the Bay of Bengal.

Major rivers: Padma, Meghna, Jamuna, Brahmaputra, and Karnaphuli; the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta is the world's largest delta.

Sundarbans: about 10,000 sq km, of which 6,017 sq km in Bangladesh, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and tiger habitat.

Cox's Bazar has one of the world's longest natural sandy beaches (about 120 km); the Chittagong Hill Tracts contain the highest peaks (Keokradong, about 1,230 m).

Climate vulnerability: Bangladesh is ranked among the most climate-vulnerable countries; sea-level rise threatens about 15-17% of land area and millions of people.

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP 2009) and the Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan guide adaptation.

Environmental law: Environment Conservation Act 1995 and Environment Court Act 2010; the Department of Environment enforces clearances.

Digital Bangladesh (2008) evolved into Smart Bangladesh 2041 with four pillars: smart citizen, smart government, smart economy, and smart society.

A2i (Access to Information) pioneered e-services such as the 333 and 999 helplines and union digital centres.

National Data Centre and the Bangladesh Computer Council support e-governance; the Digital Security Act 2018 was replaced by the Cyber Security Act 2023.

ICT: submarine cable connectivity via SEA-ME-WE-5, 4G/5G rollout, and mobile financial services led by bKash and Nagad.

Space and research: Bangabandhu-1 satellite launched 2018; Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission and BCSIR lead nuclear and industrial research.

Health and science: EPI immunisation coverage above 90%; icddr,b is a globally recognised diarrhoeal-disease research institute.

AI and emerging tech: National AI Strategy draft and a national startup ecosystem under Startup Bangladesh Limited.

Core civil-service values: integrity, impartiality, accountability, transparency, and service to citizens.

Conflict of interest: a public servant must disclose and avoid private interests that could influence official decisions.

Whistleblower protection and the Right to Information Act 2009 promote transparency; citizens can request information from public bodies.

Anti-corruption framework: Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2004; the ACC investigates and prosecutes corruption offences.

Ethical decision test: legality, public interest, fairness, transparency, and consequences - apply all five before acting.

Code of conduct: the Government Servants (Conduct) Rules 1979 restrict private trade, gifts, and political activity by officials.

Personal suitability: honesty, empathy, resilience, teamwork, and the ability to explain decisions to the public.

Structure answers as: background, relevant education or experience, motivation for public service, and fit for the cadre.

BCS selection: preliminary (MCQ, 200 marks), written (900 marks), and viva (200 marks) - viva assesses personality, not only knowledge.

Cadre choice should align with education and skills: administration, police, foreign affairs, audit, and education cadres differ in role.

Use concrete evidence: degrees, research, volunteer work, and prior jobs with measurable outcomes.

Motivation framing: link personal values (public service, integrity, service delivery) to specific government priorities.

Common viva pitfalls: vague answers, claiming unverified facts, and failing to connect background to the asked question.

Prepare a 60-90 second self-introduction covering name, education, experience, and reason for choosing BCS.

Article 1: Bangladesh is a unitary, independent, and sovereign Republic.

Article 2A (inserted 2011): the state religion is Islam, but other religions enjoy equal status and rights.

Fundamental rights (Part III) are enforceable through Article 102 writs; Articles 26-47A cover equality, life, liberty, and property.

Article 44: right to move the High Court Division for enforcement of fundamental rights.

Article 48: the President is elected by Parliament for a five-year term; Article 54 covers absence or resignation.

Article 96: judges of the Supreme Court may be removed by the President on a two-thirds majority of Parliament for misbehaviour or incapacity.

Article 118: Election Commission conducts elections; Article 122: the annual financial statement (budget) is laid before Parliament.

1954 United Front election victory in East Bengal; the 1952 Language Movement and 1966 Six Points fed the autonomy struggle.

1970 general election: Awami League won 160 of 162 East Pakistan National Assembly seats and 288 of 300 provincial seats.

The Agartala Conspiracy Case (1968) against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and others was withdrawn in 1969 after mass protests.

Mujibnagar government took oath on 17 April 1971; the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh first met in 1972.

Bangabandhu returned to Dhaka on 10 January 1972 after release from Pakistani custody.

The 1972 Constitution was framed in 11 months; it declared the four principles of nationalism, socialism, democracy, and secularism.

The 1975 political change on 15 August ended the one-party BAKSAL system introduced earlier that year.

The Mujibnagar government issued the Proclamation of Independence on 10 April 1971, retroactive to 26 March 1971.

Mukti Bahini had about 11 sectors; Sector 1 covered Chittagong and the southeast, Sector 2 covered Dhaka and Comilla.

The Indian Army intervened in December 1971; the joint command with Mukti Bahini led to the Pakistani surrender on 16 December 1971.

The surrender document is preserved at the National Museum; 16 December is Victory Day and a public holiday.

Bangladesh honours Bir Sreshtho (highest gallantry award) to seven recipients, including Mohiuddin Jahangir and Mostafa Kamal.

The 1972 Simla Agreement between India and Pakistan normalised relations and facilitated Bangladesh's UN admission in 1974.

Heritage: the 2017 UNESCO recognition of the 7 March speech and the 2016 recognition of Mangal Shobhajatra as intangible cultural heritage.

Article 7A (2011): any attempt to abrogate the Constitution by force is sedition and punishable.

Article 26: laws inconsistent with fundamental rights are void; Article 27 guarantees equality before the law.

Article 31: protection of law and equal treatment; Article 32: protection of life and personal liberty.

Article 33: safeguards on arrest and detention, including the right to consult a lawyer.

Article 35: protection in respect of trial and punishment, including the right to a speedy and public trial.

Article 39: freedom of speech, expression, and the press; Article 41: freedom of religion.

Article 152 defines 'law' and 'Constitution'; the Constitution is the supreme law under Article 7.

Cabinet Division coordinates government business; the Prime Minister's Office oversees policy and the civil service.

The Ministry of Public Administration handles BCS recruitment, posting, and discipline.

Field administration: Divisional Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner (district), UNO (upazila), and Union Parishad Chairman.

The Anti-Corruption Commission and the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) provide external oversight.

The Public Accounts Committee of Parliament examines CAG reports; the Ombudsman provision (Article 77) remains unimplemented.

E-governance: the National Portal (bangladesh.gov.bd) and Digital Centres deliver services at union level.

Citizen charters and the Right to Information Act 2009 improve administrative transparency.

Bangladesh hosted the 2021 UN LDC5 preparatory meetings; the LDC graduation is scheduled for 2026.

Rohingya response: about 1 million refugees in Cox's Bazar; Bangladesh seeks safe, voluntary, and dignified repatriation.

Padma Bridge cost about USD 3.6 billion, financed domestically; it connects 21 southwestern districts.

Metro Rail Line 6 in Dhaka opened in December 2022; the Karnaphuli tunnel opened in 2023.

Climate diplomacy: Bangladesh chairs the Climate Vulnerable Forum (2020-2022) and advocates the Loss and Damage fund.

SAARC has not held a summit since 2014; BIMSTEC has gained momentum with the 2022 charter.

The 2024 interim government prioritised reform commissions on the constitution, judiciary, police, and anti-corruption.

UN Charter: Article 2(4) prohibits the use of force; Chapter VII allows Security Council enforcement action.

ICJ settles disputes between states; the ICC tries individuals for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

Bangladesh ratified the Rome Statute of the ICC in 2010; it supports the Rohingya accountability process at the ICJ and ICC.

SDG 16 covers peace, justice, and strong institutions; SDG 17 covers partnerships.

SAARC members: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

BIMSTEC members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

Peacekeeping: Bangladesh has contributed over 160,000 personnel to UN missions since 1988.

GDP (nominal) was about USD 460 billion in FY2023; Bangladesh is among the 40 largest economies.

RMG exports exceeded USD 45 billion in FY2023; the sector employs over 4 million workers, mostly women.

The NBR collects about 80% of tax revenue; VAT is the largest single source.

Budget documents: the Finance Bill, the Appropriation Bill, and the Medium-Term Budget Framework.

Foreign exchange reserves peaked above USD 46 billion in 2021 and fell below USD 25 billion in 2023.

Bangladesh Bank uses the repo rate, CRR, and SLR to manage liquidity; inflation was above 9% in FY2023.

The 8th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) targets inclusive growth and LDC graduation readiness.

Climate: tropical monsoon; three seasons - hot summer (March-May), monsoon (June-October), and winter (November-February).

Rainfall ranges from about 1,500 mm in the west to over 4,000 mm in the northeast (Sylhet).

Cyclones: the Bay of Bengal generates frequent cyclones; the 1970 Bhola cyclone killed an estimated 300,000-500,000 people.

Rivers: the Ganges-Padma, Brahmaputra-Jamuna, and Meghna form the delta; the Farakka Barrage affects dry-season flow.

Protected areas: Sundarbans, Lawachara National Park, and Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary.

Climate finance: the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (2009) and the Resilience and Adaptation Fund.

Environmental issues: arsenic contamination of groundwater, air pollution in Dhaka, and river pollution from industrial effluent.

Digital governance: the National ICT Policy 2018 and the Digital Security Act 2018 (replaced by the Cyber Security Act 2023).

e-Government: the Bangladesh National Portal, e-Tender, and the iBAS++ budget system.

Mobile financial services: bKash, Nagad, and Rocket serve over 100 million accounts.

Internet: 4G coverage expanded after 2017; 5G trials began in 2021; submarine cable capacity is being upgraded.

Satellite: Bangabandhu-1 provides broadcasting and broadband services; the Bangabandhu Satellite-2 is planned.

Research: BCSIR, BAEC, and icddr,b lead national science and health research.

Cybersecurity: the Digital Security Agency and the National Cyber Security Council coordinate responses.

Integrity means consistency between stated values and actions; a public servant must avoid even the appearance of impropriety.

Accountability: officials answer to superiors, Parliament, and citizens through audits and RTI requests.

Transparency: proactive disclosure of budgets and decisions reduces corruption risk.

Fairness: decisions should be based on merit, not kinship, party affiliation, or bribery.

Whistleblowing: the Whistleblower Protection Act 2011 protects those who report corruption.

Ethical dilemmas: apply the 'public interest test' and document the reasoning for decisions.

Personal suitability: calmness under pressure, empathy, and the ability to communicate decisions clearly.

Viva board assesses: personality, communication, general knowledge, ethical judgement, and motivation for public service.

Prepare a concise self-introduction: name, education, work or volunteer experience, and why BCS.

Know your cadre: administration, police, foreign affairs, audit, and education cadres have different functions and posting patterns.

Link your education to the job: a law graduate can discuss constitutional duties; an engineer can discuss infrastructure.

Mention concrete achievements: research papers, leadership roles, and community service.

Avoid unverifiable claims; be ready to explain any statement in your application form.

Demonstrate awareness of current affairs relevant to your cadre and the country's development goals.

Article 3: the state language is Bangla; Article 4: the national anthem and flag.

Article 5: the capital is Dhaka; Article 6: citizenship is determined by law.

Article 9: the state shall encourage local government institutions.

Article 10: participation of women in national life; Article 19: equality of opportunity.

Article 20: work as a right and duty; Article 21: duty to comply with the Constitution and laws.

Article 23: the state shall adopt measures to protect and develop the national culture.

Article 59: local government is entrusted to elected bodies; Article 60: powers and functions of local bodies.

The 1947 partition created East Bengal (later East Pakistan); the 1956 Constitution named it East Pakistan.

The 1969 uprising led to the fall of Ayub Khan and the 1970 election, which set the stage for 1971.

The 1972 Constitution was adopted 4 November 1972 and came into force 16 December 1972.

The 1975 change ended the Awami League's one-party rule; the 1978 and 1979 elections restored multi-party politics.

The 1990 mass uprising ended the Ershad regime and restored parliamentary democracy in 1991.

The 1996 caretaker government system was introduced by the 13th Amendment; the 15th Amendment (2011) abolished it.

The 2014 and 2018 elections were held under the Awami League government; the 2024 transition followed mass protests.

The 1971 war lasted about nine months, from 26 March to 16 December 1971.

The Mukti Bahini included regular forces (East Bengal Regiment, EPR) and guerrilla fighters.

The Indian Army's Eastern Command, led by Lt Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora, coordinated the final offensive.

The surrender document was signed at the Ramna Race Course; the Pakistani forces surrendered about 93,000 personnel.

Bangladesh observes 26 March as Independence Day and 16 December as Victory Day.

The Liberation War Museum in Dhaka preserves documents and artefacts from 1971.

The 1972 Simla Agreement and the 1974 tripartite agreement normalised relations and enabled the return of Pakistani POWs.

Article 27: equality before the law; Article 28: non-discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Article 29: equality of opportunity in public employment; Article 30: protection of minorities.

Article 31: protection of law; Article 32: protection of life and personal liberty.

Article 33: safeguards on arrest and detention; Article 34: prohibition of forced labour.

Article 35: protection in respect of trial and punishment; Article 36: freedom of movement.

Article 37: freedom of assembly; Article 38: freedom of association.

Article 39: freedom of thought, conscience, and speech; Article 40: freedom of profession or occupation.

The Prime Minister is the head of government; the President is the constitutional head under Article 48.

The Cabinet is collectively responsible to Parliament under Article 55(3).

The Supreme Court consists of the Appellate Division and the High Court Division (Article 94).

The Comptroller and Auditor General audits public accounts under Article 127.

The Public Service Commission is established under Article 137; the Election Commission under Article 118.

Local government: Union Parishad, Upazila Parishad, Zila Parishad, and City Corporations.

Administrative tribunals: the Administrative Appellate Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal hear service disputes.

The 2024 interim government formed reform commissions on the constitution, judiciary, police, anti-corruption, and public administration.

Bangladesh's LDC graduation is set for 2026; the transition period runs to 2029.

The Rohingya crisis remains unresolved; Bangladesh seeks international pressure for repatriation.

Climate: Bangladesh advocates the Loss and Damage fund operationalised at COP28 (2023).

Regional: the BIMSTEC charter entered into force in 2022; SAARC remains inactive.

Economic: IMF loan programmes (2023) and the taka's managed float are key current issues.

Digital: the Cyber Security Act 2023 replaced the Digital Security Act 2018.

UN General Assembly: one state, one vote; resolutions are non-binding except on budgetary matters.

Security Council: primary responsibility for international peace and security under Chapter VII.

ECOSOC coordinates economic and social work; it oversees functional commissions and specialised agencies.

ICJ: 15 judges, nine-year terms; it hears disputes between states and gives advisory opinions.

SDGs: 17 goals, 169 targets; Bangladesh has integrated them into its Five-Year Plans.

Geopolitics: the Bay of Bengal is a key sea lane; Bangladesh balances relations with India, China, and the US.

Bangladesh is a member of the Commonwealth, OIC, NAM, and the WTO.

GDP growth: 7.1% (FY2016), 7.9% (FY2018), 8.2% (FY2019), and above 6% in most years since.

Inflation: above 9% in FY2023; the government targets 6-7% in the medium term.

Remittances: about USD 21 billion in FY2023; top sources are Saudi Arabia, UAE, and the US.

Exports: RMG about 84% of merchandise exports; leather, jute, and pharmaceuticals are emerging sectors.

Fiscal: tax-to-GDP ratio is about 8-9%, among the lowest in South Asia.

Public debt: about 35-40% of GDP, mostly domestic; external debt is about 15% of GDP.

Development partners: World Bank, ADB, IMF, JICA, and China fund infrastructure and social sectors.

Bangladesh has 8 divisions: Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barishal, Sylhet, Rangpur, and Mymensingh.

Districts: 64; upazilas: about 495; union parishads: about 4,500.

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world; it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1997).

Cox's Bazar beach is about 120 km long; Saint Martin's Island is the only coral island.

Climate: sea-level rise of 1 metre could inundate about 17% of the land and displace millions.

Cyclone preparedness: the Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) and early warning systems have reduced deaths.

Environmental law: the Environment Conservation Act 1995 and the Environment Court Act 2010.

Digital Bangladesh (2008) focused on human resource development, e-governance, and ICT infrastructure.

Smart Bangladesh 2041: smart citizens, smart government, smart economy, and smart society.

National Portal: bangladesh.gov.bd provides over 30,000 e-services.

Union Digital Centres: about 4,500 centres provide internet and e-services at the grassroots.

Mobile financial services: bKash, Nagad, and Rocket; transactions exceed BDT 1 trillion monthly.

Satellite: Bangabandhu-1 launched 2018; it provides broadcasting and broadband services.

Research: icddr,b, BCSIR, and BAEC are key national research institutions.

Integrity: honesty, consistency, and adherence to moral principles in public service.

Accountability: officials answer to superiors, Parliament, and citizens through audits and RTI.

Transparency: proactive disclosure of budgets and decisions reduces corruption.

Fairness: decisions based on merit, not kinship, party affiliation, or bribery.

Whistleblowing: the Whistleblower Protection Act 2011 protects those who report corruption.

Ethical dilemmas: apply the public interest test and document the reasoning.

Personal suitability: calmness under pressure, empathy, and clear communication.

Viva board assesses: personality, communication, general knowledge, ethical judgement, and motivation.

Prepare a concise self-introduction: name, education, experience, and why BCS.

Know your cadre: administration, police, foreign affairs, audit, and education cadres differ in role.

Link your education to the job: a law graduate can discuss constitutional duties; an engineer can discuss infrastructure.

Mention concrete achievements: research papers, leadership roles, and community service.

Avoid unverifiable claims; be ready to explain any statement in your application form.

Demonstrate awareness of current affairs relevant to your cadre and the country's development goals.

Article 3: the state language is Bangla; Article 4: the national anthem and flag.

Article 5: the capital is Dhaka; Article 6: citizenship is determined by law.

Article 9: the state shall encourage local government institutions.

Article 10: participation of women in national life; Article 19: equality of opportunity.

Article 20: work as a right and duty; Article 21: duty to comply with the Constitution and laws.

Article 23: the state shall adopt measures to protect and develop the national culture.

Article 59: local government is entrusted to elected bodies; Article 60: powers and functions of local bodies.