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BCS Viva Voce practice questions

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Question 1Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

In which year did the Bangladesh Liberation War formally begin with the Pakistani military crackdown codenamed Operation Searchlight?

  1. 1969
  2. 1971 Correct answer.
  3. 1972
  4. 1970

Explanation

Operation Searchlight was launched on the night of 25 March 1971, marking the start of the armed conflict that became the Liberation War. The preceding 1970 election and the March 1971 non-cooperation movement set the political stage, but the war itself began in 1971.

Question 2Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Who delivered the historic 7 March 1971 speech at the Racecourse Ground in Dhaka that effectively called for independence?

  1. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Correct answer.
  2. Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
  3. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
  4. Tajuddin Ahmad

Explanation

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman addressed a massive gathering at the Racecourse on 7 March 1971, delivering a speech now recognised by UNESCO as part of the world's documentary heritage. The speech set out conditions for the Awami League and mobilised the Bengali population for the coming struggle.

Question 3Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Language Movement reached its climax in 1952 when police fired on students demanding that Bangla be recognised as a state language of Pakistan. On which date did this occur?

  1. 26 March 1952
  2. 14 August 1947
  3. 21 February 1952 Correct answer.
  4. 16 December 1951

Explanation

On 21 February 1952 students and activists demonstrating for Bangla's status as a state language were fired upon in Dhaka, killing several protesters. The date is now observed as International Mother Language Day, recognised by UNESCO in 1999.

Question 4Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which Pakistani military operation, launched on 25 March 1971, involved the arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and a crackdown on Dhaka?

  1. Operation Chengiz Khan
  2. Operation Grand Slam
  3. Operation Searchlight Correct answer.
  4. Operation Gibraltar

Explanation

Operation Searchlight was the Pakistan Army's plan to disarm Bengali forces and suppress the autonomy movement by force. It triggered the declaration of independence and the full-scale Liberation War.

Question 5Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

On which date is Bangladesh's Victory Day, marking the surrender of Pakistani forces in Dhaka, observed?

  1. 7 March
  2. 16 December Correct answer.
  3. 26 March
  4. 21 February

Explanation

Victory Day is observed on 16 December, commemorating the formal surrender of the Pakistan Army at the Racecourse Ground in Dhaka in 1971. It is a national holiday and marks the end of the nine-month Liberation War.

Question 6Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The 1970 general election in Pakistan gave the Awami League an absolute majority in the National Assembly. What was the principal basis of that mandate?

  1. A demand for immediate separation from Pakistan
  2. A six-point programme for provincial autonomy Correct answer.
  3. A campaign for a confederation of provinces
  4. A proposal for a military alliance with India

Explanation

The Awami League contested the 1970 election on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Six Point programme, which demanded substantial provincial autonomy and a federal structure. The sweeping mandate for this programme, and the refusal to accept it, was central to the political crisis leading to war.

Question 7Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The historic speech of 7 March 1971 is closely associated with which location in Dhaka?

  1. Paltan Maidan
  2. Shaheed Minar
  3. Suhrawardy Udyan, then known as the Racecourse Ground Correct answer.
  4. Curzon Hall

Explanation

The 7 March speech was delivered at the Racecourse Ground, later renamed Suhrawardy Udyan, in central Dhaka. The venue also hosted the Pakistani surrender on 16 December 1971.

Question 8Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which body was established in April 1971 to serve as the government of independent Bangladesh in exile?

  1. The Awami League Working Committee
  2. The Provisional Government of Bangladesh Correct answer.
  3. The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh
  4. The National Security Council

Explanation

The Provisional Government of Bangladesh, often called the Mujibnagar Government, was formed in April 1971 to direct the war and represent the independence movement internationally. It functioned from exile with a cabinet and a ceremonial head of state.

Question 9Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

In the 1971 war, the Indian and Bangladeshi allied forces advanced toward Dhaka in December. Which event most directly precipitated the Pakistani surrender on 16 December 1971?

  1. The fall of Dhaka following a rapid joint offensive Correct answer.
  2. A negotiated ceasefire brokered by the United Nations
  3. A naval blockade of Chittagong alone
  4. The withdrawal of Pakistani forces to West Pakistan

Explanation

The joint Indo-Bangladeshi offensive in December bypassed fortified positions and pushed rapidly toward Dhaka, isolating the Pakistani garrison. With no prospect of reinforcement, the commander in Dhaka surrendered on 16 December, ending the war.

Question 10Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which of the following best describes the significance of the 1952 Language Movement in the later emergence of Bangladesh?

  1. It ended all restrictions on the Bengali language in Pakistan
  2. It secured immediate autonomy for East Bengal within Pakistan
  3. It demonstrated that cultural and linguistic identity could mobilise mass political action Correct answer.
  4. It established a formal political party that led the 1971 war

Explanation

The Language Movement showed that Bengali linguistic identity could unite students, workers and middle-class groups in sustained protest against the Pakistani state. This mobilisation tradition fed into later autonomy movements and eventually the independence struggle.

Question 11Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Six Point programme of 1966 demanded, among other things, a federal system with maximum provincial autonomy. Which of the following was one of its core economic demands?

  1. Central control over foreign exchange earnings only
  2. A single central bank with full control over provincial revenues
  3. Separate currencies or fiscal accounts for the provinces Correct answer.
  4. Abolition of all provincial taxes

Explanation

The Six Points included demands for separate fiscal and monetary arrangements, or at least separate accounts, to protect East Pakistan's foreign exchange earnings from central control. This reflected grievances about resource transfer from East to West Pakistan.

Question 12Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Who was the first President of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh formed in April 1971?

  1. Tajuddin Ahmad
  2. Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad
  3. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Correct answer.
  4. Syed Nazrul Islam

Explanation

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was named President of the Provisional Government, though he was imprisoned in Pakistan and could not assume the office in person. Syed Nazrul Islam served as acting President, and Tajuddin Ahmad as Prime Minister.

Question 13Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Pakistani army's surrender instrument was signed in Dhaka in December 1971. Which two commanders are most associated with that surrender?

  1. General A. A. K. Niazi and General Jagjit Singh Aurora Correct answer.
  2. General Tikka Khan and General Osmani
  3. Admiral Ahsan and General Ziaur Rahman
  4. General Yahya Khan and General Manekshaw

Explanation

Lieutenant General A. A. K. Niazi signed the instrument of surrender on behalf of Pakistan, and Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora accepted it on behalf of the allied Indian and Bangladeshi forces. The ceremony took place at the Racecourse Ground in Dhaka.

Question 14Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The guerrilla forces raised during the Liberation War were popularly known as Mukti Bahini. Which description best captures their role?

  1. A purely political negotiating team sent abroad
  2. A unit of the Pakistani army that defected en masse
  3. A regular naval fleet operating in the Bay of Bengal
  4. A combination of regular and irregular Bengali fighters conducting raids and sabotage Correct answer.

Explanation

Mukti Bahini comprised regular Bengali military units, such as the East Bengal Regiment and EPR, together with irregular fighters trained for guerrilla operations. They conducted raids, ambushes and sabotage against Pakistani forces and infrastructure.

Question 15Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Sector 11 of the Liberation War was unusual among the eleven operational sectors. What distinguished it?

  1. It had no fixed geographical boundary and operated across several areas Correct answer.
  2. It was commanded directly by the Prime Minister
  3. It covered the entire coastline and had no ground forces
  4. It consisted only of naval commandos

Explanation

Sector 11 was created without a defined territorial boundary and was tasked with operations across multiple zones, including areas near Dhaka. Its flexible mandate reflected the need for mobile operations behind enemy lines.

Question 16Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which document adopted in 1972 set out the fundamental principles of the new state of Bangladesh, including nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism?

  1. The Six Point Programme
  2. The Lahore Resolution
  3. The Instrument of Surrender
  4. The Constitution of Bangladesh Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972 and effective from 16 December 1972, enshrined the four fundamental principles of nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism. It established the structure of the new republic after independence.

Question 17Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Bangla language is central to Bangladeshi national identity. Which international recognition followed from the Language Movement?

  1. The UN declared Bangla a classical language
  2. 21 February was declared International Mother Language Day by UNESCO Correct answer.
  3. Bangla became the sole language of the OIC
  4. Bangla was adopted as an official UN language

Explanation

UNESCO declared 21 February International Mother Language Day in 1999, honouring the Language Movement martyrs. This recognition links Bangladesh's cultural history to a global observance of linguistic diversity.

Question 18Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Radcliffe Line of 1947 is significant in the history of the region because it

  1. divided the province of Punjab from Sindh
  2. created the border between Bangladesh and Myanmar
  3. established the cease-fire line in Kashmir
  4. defined the boundary between East Bengal and India Correct answer.

Explanation

The Radcliffe Line demarcated the boundary between India and the newly created Pakistan, including the boundary between East Bengal and India. This partition boundary shaped later disputes over enclaves and border areas.

Question 19Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which of the following best explains why the Pakistani establishment resisted implementing the 1970 election result?

  1. The Awami League refused to take office
  2. The Awami League had won too few seats to govern
  3. The election was declared invalid by the Supreme Court
  4. The result would have transferred effective power to East Pakistan under the Six Point framework Correct answer.

Explanation

The Awami League's absolute majority would have allowed it to implement the Six Point programme, shifting substantial power from the centre to East Pakistan. West Pakistani political and military elites resisted this dilution of central authority, leading to the crisis of 1971.

Question 20Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which of these heritage sites is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bangladesh known for its historic mosque architecture?

  1. Lalbagh Fort in Dhaka
  2. Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur
  3. The Sixty Dome Mosque in Bagerhat Correct answer.
  4. Mainamati in Cumilla

Explanation

The Sixty Dome Mosque, part of the Mosque City of Bagerhat, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site celebrated for its Sultanate-era architecture. It was founded in the fifteenth century and reflects the spread of Islamic architecture in Bengal.

Question 21Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Bengali nationalist leader Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy is best remembered in the pre-1971 period for which role?

  1. Leading the 1971 guerrilla campaign
  2. Drafting the 1972 Constitution
  3. Serving as a prominent politician and Prime Minister of Pakistan in the 1950s Correct answer.
  4. Founding the Mukti Bahini

Explanation

Suhrawardy was a leading Bengali politician who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan in the mid-1950s and advocated for Bengali interests within the federation. He died in 1963, well before the Liberation War.

Question 22Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Consider the sequence of events: the 1970 election, the postponement of the National Assembly session, the non-cooperation movement, and Operation Searchlight. Which conclusion about causation is best supported?

  1. The 1970 election was the least important factor in the crisis
  2. The refusal to transfer power after the election set off a chain that culminated in armed conflict Correct answer.
  3. Operation Searchlight was a response to an Indian attack
  4. The war resulted solely from an external invasion of East Pakistan

Explanation

The Awami League's electoral victory created an expectation of power transfer, and the postponement of the assembly session in March 1971 triggered the non-cooperation movement. The military crackdown then turned a political crisis into an armed war of independence.

Question 23Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Mujibnagar Government functioned from exile in April 1971. Which statement most accurately describes its international significance?

  1. It immediately secured universal diplomatic recognition for Bangladesh
  2. It was dissolved before the end of 1971
  3. It had no role in coordinating the armed struggle
  4. It provided a legitimate representative authority that lobbied for recognition and support abroad Correct answer.

Explanation

The provisional government gave the independence movement a formal political face, enabling it to seek recognition, humanitarian support and diplomatic backing. It also coordinated with military commanders and administered liberated areas.

Question 24Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Which factor most plausibly explains the rapid collapse of Pakistani forces in East Pakistan by December 1971?

  1. The combination of a joint offensive, local insurgency and the isolation of the Dhaka garrison Correct answer.
  2. A prolonged stalemate that ended in a negotiated settlement
  3. The absence of any Indian involvement in the conflict
  4. Superior Pakistani naval strength in the Bay of Bengal

Explanation

The Pakistani garrison was cut off from reinforcement while facing a joint Indo-Bangladeshi offensive and sustained local resistance. The rapid advance to Dhaka and the lack of reinforcement made surrender the only viable option.

Question 25Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Language Movement of 1952 and the Six Point Movement of 1966 are often linked in the historiography of Bangladesh. Which statement best captures the analytical connection?

  1. Both used cultural and regional identity to challenge centralised state power Correct answer.
  2. Both were rejected by the Bengali middle class
  3. Both demanded immediate and complete independence from Pakistan
  4. Both were led exclusively by military officers

Explanation

The Language Movement mobilised linguistic identity, and the Six Points translated regional grievances into a constitutional demand for autonomy. Together they show a trajectory from cultural assertion to structured political demands that ultimately challenged central authority.

Question 26Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Bengali language movement reached a decisive point on 21 February 1952 when students and activists defied a ban on gatherings. What was the immediate trigger for the police firing that day in Dhaka?

  1. A demonstration against a hike in university tuition fees
  2. A strike called by industrial workers over wages
  3. A demand that Bangla replace Urdu as the sole official language of Pakistan Correct answer.
  4. A protest march demanding the release of jailed political leaders

Explanation

The movement of 1952 centred on the demand that Bangla be recognised as a state language of Pakistan alongside Urdu. When students defied Section 144 and marched in Dhaka on 21 February, police opened fire, killing demonstrators. That demand, not labour or fee grievances, defined the confrontation.

Question 27Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

The Constitution of Bangladesh adopted in 1972 rests on four fundamental principles. Which set correctly names them?

  1. Democracy, capitalism, secularism and federalism
  2. Nationalism, communism, theocracy and democracy
  3. Secularism, socialism, federalism and monarchy
  4. Nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism Correct answer.

Explanation

The 1972 Constitution declared four pillars: nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism. These principles guided the new state's self-definition after independence. Any list that adds monarchy, federalism or theocracy departs from the constitutional text.

Question 28Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Operation Searchlight was launched by the Pakistan Army on the night of 25 March 1971. What was its principal purpose?

  1. To disarm and suppress Bengali political and military resistance in East Pakistan Correct answer.
  2. To evacuate Pakistani civilians from coastal districts
  3. To negotiate a transfer of power to the Awami League
  4. To defend East Pakistan against an anticipated Indian invasion

Explanation

Operation Searchlight was a planned crackdown aimed at decapitating Bengali political leadership and disarming Bengali personnel, especially in Dhaka. It followed the collapse of negotiations over the 1970 election result. Its targets were internal opponents rather than an external invader.

Question 29Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

A researcher argues that the Six Point Movement of 1966 was primarily a constitutional autonomy programme rather than a call for outright secession. Which feature of the Six Points best supports this reading?

  1. It called for an immediate referendum on independence
  2. It demanded that defence and foreign affairs be transferred to the provinces
  3. It demanded a separate currency for East Pakistan
  4. It proposed a federal constitution with separate currencies or fiscal accounts for the two wings Correct answer.

Explanation

The Six Points sought a federal arrangement with maximum provincial autonomy, including separate fiscal or currency arrangements for the two wings. Such demands aim to restructure an existing state, which is consistent with an autonomy programme. A referendum on independence or a full transfer of defence and foreign affairs would go beyond that.

Question 30Bangladesh Affairs: History, Liberation War and Heritage

Among the eleven sectors of the Liberation War, Sector 10 was distinctive. Which description correctly identifies its character?

  1. It consisted entirely of naval commandos operating in the Bay of Bengal
  2. It was placed under the direct command of the Indian Army's eastern headquarters
  3. It was formed late in 1971 from regular forces and had no fixed geographic boundary Correct answer.
  4. It covered only the Chittagong Hill Tracts and was led by tribal fighters

Explanation

Sector 10 was created near the end of the war and was organised around regular forces without a defined territorial jurisdiction, unlike the geographically delimited sectors. This unusual status is what sets it apart in accounts of the sector structure.

Question 31Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which document formally declared Bangladesh's independence and is regarded as the country's first interim constitution?

  1. The Government of India Act 1935
  2. The Proclamation of Independence of 1971 Correct answer.
  3. The Constitution of 1972
  4. The Legal Framework Order of 1970

Explanation

The Proclamation of Independence issued in April 1971 served as Bangladesh's first interim constitutional instrument, providing the legal basis for the provisional government and its authority during the liberation war. It remained the operative framework until the formal Constitution came into force in December 1972.

Question 32Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh came into effect on which date?

  1. 17 April 1971
  2. 4 November 1972
  3. 16 December 1972 Correct answer.
  4. 26 March 1971

Explanation

The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1972 and came into force on 16 December 1972, the first anniversary of Victory Day. The distinction between adoption and commencement is frequently tested in viva examinations.

Question 33Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Under the Constitution, which body is vested with the executive power of the Republic?

  1. The Prime Minister alone
  2. The President Correct answer.
  3. The Parliament
  4. The Cabinet

Explanation

Executive power is formally vested in the President, who exercises it in accordance with the Constitution, and in practice almost entirely on the advice of the Prime Minister. This reflects the parliamentary convention that the head of state acts on ministerial advice.

Question 34Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

How many fundamental principles of state policy are grouped under Part II of the Constitution?

  1. Four Correct answer.
  2. Eight
  3. Six
  4. Ten

Explanation

Part II of the Constitution lays down four fundamental principles of state policy: nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism. These principles guide state policy and are expressly declared non-justiciable by the courts.

Question 35Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which article of the Constitution declares that all citizens are equal before the law?

  1. Article 28
  2. Article 26
  3. Article 27 Correct answer.
  4. Article 29

Explanation

Article 27 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the law for all citizens. Article 28 separately prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.

Question 36Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

A law is challenged as violating a fundamental right. Under Article 26, which test does the Supreme Court primarily apply?

  1. Whether the law was passed by a two-thirds majority
  2. Whether the law is reasonable and in the public interest
  3. Whether the law is inconsistent with the fundamental rights, to the extent of the inconsistency Correct answer.
  4. Whether the law has received presidential assent

Explanation

Article 26 renders any law inconsistent with fundamental rights void to the extent of that inconsistency. The Court examines the substance of the impugned provision against the guaranteed right rather than the procedural history of enactment.

Question 37Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which writ is appropriate to secure the release of a person unlawfully detained by an administrative authority?

  1. Habeas corpus Correct answer.
  2. Mandamus
  3. Certiorari
  4. Quo warranto

Explanation

Habeas corpus commands the detaining authority to produce the detained person and justify the detention. It is the standard remedy where personal liberty is curtailed without lawful authority.

Question 38Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

The fundamental rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution are enforceable against which of the following?

  1. The State and its organs Correct answer.
  2. Private individuals only
  3. Political parties only
  4. Foreign governments

Explanation

Part III rights are enforceable against the State, defined broadly to include Parliament, the government, statutory public authorities and local bodies. Enforcement is sought through the High Court Division under Article 102.

Question 39Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which body advises the President in exercising the power of appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner?

  1. The Supreme Court
  2. The Parliament
  3. The Public Service Commission
  4. The Prime Minister Correct answer.

Explanation

The President appoints the Chief Election Commissioner and other Commissioners on the advice of the Prime Minister, reflecting the parliamentary character of the executive. The appointment is then governed by the constitutional provisions on the Election Commission.

Question 40Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

The Election Commission of Bangladesh is established under which article of the Constitution?

  1. Article 102
  2. Article 141A
  3. Article 118 Correct answer.
  4. Article 55

Explanation

Article 118 establishes the Election Commission, consisting of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Commissioners. Its functions are elaborated in Articles 119 and 120.

Question 41Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which article of the Constitution vests the legislative powers of the Republic in Parliament?

  1. Article 70
  2. Article 55
  3. Article 65 Correct answer.
  4. Article 93

Explanation

Article 65 provides that Parliament shall consist of members elected in accordance with law and that legislative power is exercised by Parliament. Article 70, by contrast, deals with the disqualification of members who vote against their party.

Question 42Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

What is the maximum period for which an ordinance promulgated by the President can remain in force without parliamentary approval?

  1. Thirty days Correct answer.
  2. Ninety days
  3. One hundred and twenty days
  4. Sixty days

Explanation

Under Article 93, an ordinance must be laid before Parliament and ceases to operate at the expiry of thirty days from its promulgation unless approved earlier. This ensures legislative primacy over executive law-making.

Question 43Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

A minister who is not a member of Parliament must acquire membership of Parliament within what period to continue in office?

  1. Three months
  2. Nine months
  3. Twelve months
  4. Six months Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution permits a person who is not a member of Parliament to be appointed a minister, but such a person must become a member of Parliament within six months. Failing that, the ministerial office falls vacant.

Question 44Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

The Supreme Court of Bangladesh consists of which two divisions?

  1. Constitutional Division and Criminal Division
  2. Original Division and Review Division
  3. Civil Division and Revenue Division
  4. Appellate Division and High Court Division Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 94 establishes the Supreme Court comprising the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The Appellate Division hears appeals from the High Court Division and other matters as provided by law.

Question 45Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which court has original jurisdiction to enforce fundamental rights under Article 102?

  1. The Administrative Tribunal
  2. The Appellate Division
  3. The High Court Division Correct answer.
  4. The District Court

Explanation

The High Court Division has the power to issue directions or orders in the nature of writs to enforce fundamental rights and to review administrative action. The Appellate Division exercises appellate, not original writ, jurisdiction in such matters.

Question 46Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Judges of the Supreme Court hold office until they attain which age?

  1. Sixty-two years
  2. Sixty years
  3. Sixty-seven years Correct answer.
  4. Sixty-five years

Explanation

Under Article 96, a judge of the Supreme Court holds office until attaining the age of sixty-seven years. Removal before that age requires the prescribed procedure involving the Supreme Judicial Council.

Question 47Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which article of the Constitution provides for the Supreme Judicial Council?

  1. Article 96 Correct answer.
  2. Article 94
  3. Article 98
  4. Article 116

Explanation

Article 96 establishes the Supreme Judicial Council, comprising the Chief Justice and two senior-most judges, to inquire into the conduct of judges and recommend removal. Removal requires a two-thirds majority resolution of Parliament on grounds of misconduct or incapacity.

Question 48Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

The Comptroller and Auditor-General of Bangladesh is appointed by which authority?

  1. The President Correct answer.
  2. The Prime Minister
  3. The Finance Minister
  4. The Speaker

Explanation

Article 127 provides that the Comptroller and Auditor-General is appointed by the President. The office holder audits public accounts and reports to the President for laying before Parliament.

Question 49Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which body advises the President on matters relating to the recruitment and conditions of service of civil servants?

  1. The Public Service Commission Correct answer.
  2. The Cabinet Division
  3. The Attorney-General's Office
  4. The Election Commission

Explanation

The Public Service Commission, established under Article 137, advises the President on recruitment and conditions of service for civil servants. Its role is advisory, and the government is not strictly bound by its recommendations.

Question 50Bangladesh Constitution, Governance and Public Administration

Which principle of the Constitution requires that no person shall be convicted of an offence except for a breach of a law in force at the time of the act?

  1. Due process
  2. Rule of law
  3. Natural justice
  4. Non-retroactivity of criminal law Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 35 protects against retrospective criminal liability and double jeopardy, reflecting the principle that penal laws cannot operate retroactively. This safeguards citizens against arbitrary punishment for conduct lawful when committed.