BCS Written Bangladesh Affairs flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Constitution adoption date

The Constitution of Bangladesh was adopted on 4 November 1972 and came into effect on 16 December 1972, the first anniversary of the surrender of Pakistani forces in Dhaka.

Article 7A

Added in 1979 and restored in 2011, this article declares that any unconstitutional seizure of state power is a punishable offence and voids such actions.

Fundamental principles

The original Constitution declared nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism as the four fundamental principles guiding state policy, restored by the Fifteenth Amendment in 2011.

Rule of law

A governance principle requiring that law governs all citizens and officials equally, that power is exercised according to published rules, and that independent courts review state action.

Right to Information Act 2009

A law granting citizens the right to access public information, establishing the Information Commission to hear complaints against public bodies that refuse disclosure.

Language Movement 1952

A student-led movement demanding Bangla as a state language of Pakistan; police firing on 21 February 1952 killed protesters and led to UNESCO's recognition of the date.

Six Point Movement

A 1966 autonomy programme launched by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in Lahore, demanding provincial autonomy, separate fiscal policy and a federal parliamentary system for East Pakistan.

1970 general election

Pakistan's first general election, in which the Awami League won 160 of 162 East Pakistan seats and an absolute majority, but power was not transferred.

Operation Searchlight

The Pakistani military crackdown launched on the night of 25 March 1971 in Dhaka, which triggered the War of Liberation and the declaration of independence.

Mujibnagar Government

The provisional government of Bangladesh formed on 17 April 1971 with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as President and Tajuddin Ahmad as Prime Minister, directing the liberation war.

Instrument of Surrender

The document signed on 16 December 1971 by Lieutenant General A.A.K. Niazi, surrendering Pakistani forces in Dhaka to the joint Indo-Bangladesh command.

Sector 11

One of eleven liberation war sectors, covering Mymensingh and Tangail, commanded initially by Major M.A.G. Osmani and later by other sector commanders.

Garment exports share

Ready-made garments account for more than 80 percent of Bangladesh's merchandise exports, making the country the second-largest apparel exporter after China.

Remittances

Money sent home by Bangladeshi migrant workers abroad, exceeding USD 20 billion yearly and serving as a major source of foreign exchange and rural household income.

ADP

The Annual Development Programme is the public investment component of the national budget, listing projects and their allocations for the fiscal year.

Vision 2041

A long-term development plan aiming to make Bangladesh an upper-middle-income country by 2031 and a high-income country by 2041 through sustained growth.

Upazila Parishad

The sub-district tier of local government in Bangladesh, headed by a directly elected Chairman, established under the Upazila Parishad Act 1998 and amended in 2009.

Union Parishad

The lowest rural local government tier, consisting of a directly elected Chairman and nine ward members plus three reserved women members serving five-year terms.

Article 25

The constitutional basis of Bangladesh's foreign policy, directing friendship with all nations, non-alignment, and opposition to imperialism, colonialism and racial discrimination.

SAARC founding

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was founded in Dhaka in 1985, with Bangladesh as a founding member alongside six other South Asian states.

Rohingya crisis

The displacement of over a million Rohingya refugees into Cox's Bazar following violence in Myanmar, with Bangladesh seeking safe, voluntary and dignified repatriation.

Tropic of Cancer

The line of latitude at about 23.5 degrees north that crosses through the middle of Bangladesh, giving the country a tropical monsoon climate.

Sundarbans

The world's largest mangrove forest, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southwestern Bangladesh, acting as a natural barrier against cyclones and tidal surges.

Standing Orders on Disaster

A 2010 framework defining the roles and responsibilities of national, district, upazila and union bodies in disaster preparedness, response and recovery.

National Education Policy 2010

A policy framework covering primary through tertiary education, proposing curriculum reform, teacher development and expanded access to education in Bangladesh.

Community clinics

Grassroots health facilities established to provide primary care and essential medicines in rural Bangladesh, staffed by community health care providers.

Padma Bridge

A major multipurpose bridge over the Padma River, opened in 2022, connecting southwestern districts to Dhaka and boosting regional trade and transport.

Dhaka Metro Rail

The first urban mass transit rail system in Bangladesh, opened in 2022, connecting Uttara to Motijheel to ease traffic congestion in the capital.

Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant

Bangladesh's first nuclear power project, located in Pabna and built with Russian assistance, intended to add significant baseload electricity capacity.

LDC graduation

Bangladesh met the UN criteria for graduation from Least Developed Country status, with full graduation scheduled for 2026 after an extended preparatory period.

Interim government 2024

A non-elected government led by Muhammad Yunus that took office in August 2024 after mass protests ended the previous government, tasked with reforms.

BIMSTEC

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, a regional grouping linking South and Southeast Asia, with Bangladesh as a member.

Tax-to-GDP ratio

The share of national output collected as tax revenue, around 8-10 percent in Bangladesh, considered low and a constraint on public spending.