BRTA Non-Professional Driving Licence Test cheat sheet

Sign hierarchy: mandatory/regulatory signs (red circle or red border, e.g., Stop, No Entry, Speed Limit) impose legal duties; warning signs (red triangle or yellow diamond) alert to hazards; information signs (blue or green) guide without imposing duties.

Stop sign requires a complete halt at the stop line or before the crossing, then yield to all traffic and pedestrians before proceeding; a rolling stop is a violation.

Give Way (Yield) sign requires slowing and yielding; it does not require a full stop unless traffic or a stop line demands it.

Solid white centre line: no crossing or overtaking; broken white line: overtaking permitted when safe; double solid line: absolute no-crossing for both directions.

Yellow kerb or edge markings generally indicate no parking or stopping restrictions; check accompanying plates for times and exceptions.

Traffic light sequence: red, red plus amber (prepare, do not move), green, amber (stop unless unsafe to do so); flashing amber at a pelican crossing means yield to pedestrians on the crossing.

Hand signals: arm straight out means turning right; arm up and down means slowing; arm rotated means turning left; a driver's signal overrides no sign but must be obeyed when given by an authorised officer.

Sign shapes carry meaning: circle = regulatory, triangle = warning, rectangle = information, octagon = stop, inverted triangle = give way.

At an uncontrolled intersection, yield to traffic already in the junction and to vehicles approaching from the right (left-hand traffic convention), then proceed only when clear.

A vehicle turning across oncoming traffic must yield to that traffic; a vehicle turning left (in left-hand traffic) gives way to oncoming vehicles going straight or turning right.

Pedestrians on a marked crossing have priority; drivers must stop and remain stopped until the pedestrian has cleared the driver's path.

Overtaking is prohibited on solid lines, at pedestrian crossings, at junctions, on blind curves and crests, and where visibility is insufficient to complete the manoeuvre safely.

Safe following distance: at least a two-second gap in good conditions, doubled to four seconds or more in rain, at night, or behind large vehicles.

Emergency vehicles with siren or flashing lights have priority; drivers must give way by pulling over safely, not by stopping abruptly in the traffic lane.

Speed limits are maximums for ideal conditions; drivers must reduce speed in rain, fog, darkness, near schools, and where road works or pedestrians are present.

Roundabouts: yield to traffic already circulating, signal on exit, and do not change lanes within the circulating carriageway without checking mirrors and blind spots.

Pre-drive sequence: seat and headrest adjustment, mirrors (interior and both sides), seatbelt, gear in neutral or park, then start the engine.

Braking distance increases with the square of speed: doubling speed roughly quadruples stopping distance; total stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance.

Steering: hold the wheel at approximately nine and three o'clock; use push-pull rather than hand-over-hand for normal driving to keep control and avoid airbag injury.

Clutch control: press the clutch fully before changing gear or stopping; release smoothly to avoid stalling and jerking; never coast in neutral downhill.

Cornering: slow before the bend, maintain a steady speed through it, and accelerate gently on exit; braking while cornering reduces grip.

Mirror-signal-manoeuvre sequence is performed before every lane change, turn, or overtake, with a shoulder check for blind spots.

Hill starts: apply handbrake, engage first gear, bring the clutch to biting point, add power, then release the handbrake smoothly to prevent rollback.

ABS braking: press the brake firmly and hold; do not pump the pedal, and steer while braking if the vehicle is equipped with ABS.

Seatbelts are mandatory for the driver and all passengers where fitted; children must use an appropriate child restraint, not an adult belt alone.

Helmets are mandatory for motorcyclists and pillion riders; a correctly fastened helmet reduces head injury severity substantially.

Distracted driving (phone use, eating, adjusting devices) multiplies crash risk; handheld phone use while driving is prohibited.

Alcohol and drugs impair reaction time, judgement, and coordination; even below the legal limit, impairment raises crash risk.

Fatigue countermeasures: stop, rest, and if necessary sleep; opening a window or playing loud music does not restore alertness.

Blind spots exist beside and behind every vehicle; large vehicles have much larger blind spots, so never linger alongside a truck or bus.

Hazard perception: scan far ahead, check mirrors regularly, and anticipate the actions of pedestrians, cyclists, and other drivers.

In a crash, switch on hazard lights, place a warning triangle at a safe distance behind the vehicle, and move casualties only if there is immediate danger.

A valid driving licence must be carried and produced on demand by a police officer or authorised inspector.

Driving without a valid licence, driving while disqualified, and driving uninsured are separate offences, each carrying penalties.

Driving licence categories restrict which vehicles may be driven; driving outside the permitted category is an offence.

Learner or provisional drivers must display the required plates and be accompanied by a qualified driver where the law requires it.

Drink-driving limits are defined by blood alcohol concentration or breath alcohol concentration; exceeding the limit is a criminal offence.

Penalties for traffic offences typically include fines, penalty points or endorsements, licence suspension or disqualification, and possible imprisonment for serious offences.

Vehicle registration, road tax, and valid insurance are legal prerequisites for using a vehicle on a public road.

After a collision involving injury, the driver must stop, provide details, report to the police within the prescribed period, and render assistance.

Daily walk-around check: tyres (pressure and tread), lights, indicators, brake lights, mirrors, wipers, fluid levels, and any leaks under the vehicle.

Tyre tread depth must meet the legal minimum; worn tread increases stopping distance and aquaplaning risk on wet roads.

Tyre pressure is checked cold; under-inflation increases fuel consumption, heat build-up, and the risk of blowout.

Engine oil level is checked with the vehicle level and the engine off; low oil causes overheating and engine damage.

Coolant is checked only when the engine is cold; opening a hot radiator cap risks severe scalding.

Brake fluid level and pedal feel indicate brake system condition; a spongy pedal or dropping level requires immediate inspection.

Battery terminals should be clean and tight; headlights, brake lights, and indicators must all function before a journey.

Warning lights on the dashboard (oil pressure, temperature, battery, brake) indicate faults that require stopping and checking the vehicle.

Scene safety first: stop safely, switch on hazard lights, and ensure no further danger before approaching casualties.

Emergency call: state the location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries clearly and remain available for instructions.

DRABC sequence: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation; check responsiveness and breathing before other actions.

Recovery position is used for an unconscious casualty who is breathing; it keeps the airway open and prevents choking on the tongue or vomit.

Do not move a casualty with suspected spinal injury unless there is immediate danger such as fire or traffic.

Control bleeding by applying direct pressure with a clean dressing; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.

CPR: chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, about 5-6 cm deep for an adult, with rescue breaths if trained.

For burns, cool with clean running water for at least 10-20 minutes and do not apply ointments or burst blisters.

Smooth acceleration and early gear changes reduce fuel consumption and emissions; avoid harsh braking and rapid acceleration.

Idling wastes fuel and emits pollutants; switch off the engine when stationary for more than a short period where safe.

Correct tyre pressure and wheel alignment reduce rolling resistance and fuel use.

Excess weight and roof racks increase aerodynamic drag and fuel consumption; remove unnecessary loads.

Air conditioning increases fuel consumption; use it only when needed and ventilate with windows at low speeds.

Planning routes and avoiding congested periods reduces fuel use, emissions, and journey time.

Regular servicing, clean air filters, and correct engine tuning keep emissions low and improve efficiency.

Electric and hybrid vehicles reduce tailpipe emissions; regenerative braking recovers energy during deceleration.

Defensive driving: assume other road users may make mistakes, maintain a space cushion, and always have an escape route.

Fitness to drive: adequate rest, no impairing medication, no alcohol or drugs, and corrected vision where required.

Emotional state affects driving; anger, stress, or fatigue impair judgement, so postponing a journey is safer than driving impaired.

Road rage and aggressive driving increase crash risk; avoid confrontation, do not retaliate, and allow aggressive drivers to pass.

Courtesy rules: signal intentions early, do not tailgate, and give way when it is safe rather than insisting on the right of way.

Medical conditions and medications that cause drowsiness must be discussed with a doctor before driving.

Hazard awareness: check mirrors every few seconds, scan junctions and side roads, and anticipate pedestrian behaviour near schools and markets.

A driver's attitude, patience, and willingness to yield are among the strongest predictors of safe driving.