BTEB Diploma in Textile Engineering Examination flashcards
BTEB Diploma in Textile Engineering Examination · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cotton fibre composition
- Cotton is about 88–96% cellulose with small amounts of wax, pectin, protein, and ash. The lumen and convolutions indicate maturity, affecting dye uptake and neps.
- Moisture regain
- The percentage of moisture a dry fibre absorbs at standard conditions of 65% relative humidity and 20 °C, expressed as a percentage of the oven-dry mass.
- Tex system
- A direct yarn numbering system where tex equals the mass in grams of 1000 metres of yarn. Higher tex means a coarser yarn.
- Carding action
- The opening and individualising of fibres between the cylinder and flats, removing trash and neps while forming a continuous sliver for further processing.
- Drafting wave
- A periodic thick and thin fault in yarn caused by roller eccentricity, faulty drafting, or gear defects, identified by spectrogram analysis during evenness testing.
- Cover factor
- A measure of fabric tightness calculated as threads per inch divided by the square root of the yarn count. It indicates the degree of fabric cover.
- Plain weave
- The simplest weave where each warp thread passes alternately over and under each weft thread, giving maximum interlacing, firm structure, and good stability.
- Stitch density
- The number of loops per unit area of knitted fabric, determined by wales per centimetre multiplied by courses per centimetre, affecting weight and extensibility.
- Mercerisation
- Treatment of cotton with concentrated sodium hydroxide under tension, increasing lustre, strength, and dye affinity while reducing shrinkage and improving dimensional stability.
- Reactive dye
- A dye that forms covalent chemical bonds with cellulose fibres in alkaline conditions, giving excellent wash fastness with good colour brightness.
- Colour fastness
- The resistance of a dyed material to fading or bleeding under exposure to washing, light, rubbing, or perspiration, rated against standard grey or blue wool scales.
- Marker efficiency
- The ratio of the total area of pattern pieces to the total marker area, expressed as a percentage, indicating how well fabric is utilised during cutting.
- Standard allowed minute
- The standard time allowed to complete a garment operation, calculated from basic time multiplied by an allowance factor for fatigue and personal needs.
- Overedge stitch
- A stitch class 504 or 516 that loops around the fabric edge to prevent fraying and provide seam extensibility, commonly used in knit garment construction.
- AQL sampling
- Acceptable quality limit sampling per ISO 2859-1, where lot size and inspection level determine sample size and the acceptance or rejection number.
- Coefficient of variation
- The standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean, used to compare yarn evenness and other quality characteristics independent of the mean value.
- Elmendorf tear test
- A fabric test measuring the force required to propagate a tear in a pre-cut specimen, indicating resistance to tearing and durability.
- MTBF
- Mean time between failures, calculated as total operating time divided by the number of failures, indicating machine reliability in maintenance planning.
- Traveller weight
- A ring spinning component whose mass controls yarn tension and twist insertion; heavier travellers suit coarser yarns and higher tensions.
- Preventive maintenance
- Scheduled inspection, lubrication, and adjustment of machinery at fixed intervals to prevent breakdowns and maintain consistent production quality.
- Break-even point
- The production or sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost, calculated as fixed cost divided by contribution per unit.
- Work measurement
- The systematic determination of standard time for a task using observed time, performance rating, and allowance factors for fatigue and personal needs.
- EOQ
- Economic order quantity, the order size minimising total inventory cost, calculated as the square root of twice annual demand times ordering cost divided by holding cost.
- Prime cost
- The sum of direct material and direct labour costs, excluding factory overhead, used as a base for cost estimation in textile production.
- Contribution margin
- Selling price minus variable cost per unit, showing the amount available to cover fixed costs and generate profit.
- Half-drop repeat
- A textile design repeat where alternate rows of the motif are offset by half the repeat width, creating a staggered pattern across the fabric.
- Digital textile printing
- Inkjet printing of designs directly onto fabric using reactive, acid, disperse, or pigment inks matched to fibre type, enabling short runs without screens.
- Byssinosis
- A respiratory disease caused by inhalation of cotton dust, producing chest tightness and breathlessness, controlled by exhaust ventilation and dust extraction.
- Effluent BOD
- Biochemical oxygen demand, the oxygen consumed by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in wastewater, indicating pollution load from dyeing operations.
- Zero liquid discharge
- An environmental strategy where all wastewater is treated and recycled so that no liquid effluent leaves the plant, requiring advanced treatment and evaporation.
- Attachment report
- A structured document describing industrial training, covering company profile, process flow, machinery, quality control, observations, and recommendations.
- Payback period
- The time required to recover an investment, calculated as initial investment divided by annual net cash savings, used to evaluate project viability.