Industrial Management
Management functions
Planning, organising, directing and controlling are the core functions. Understand types of organisation structure (line, line-and-staff, functional) and the role of the supervisor. Span of control and delegation are common topics.
Production and productivity
Productivity = output/input. Work study comprises method study and work measurement; time study uses rating and allowances to set standard time. Learn the difference between cycle time, standard time and takt time. Inventory control uses EOQ and ABC analysis.
Human resource and motivation
Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor are examinable theories. Labour turnover, absenteeism and grievance handling affect productivity.
Traps
- Confusing productivity with production (a ratio versus an amount).
- Forgetting allowances in standard time.
- Mixing method study with work measurement.
Worked example
Observed time 8 minutes, rating 110%, allowances 15%. Normal time = 8 × 1.10 = 8.8 min; standard time = 8.8 × 1.15 = 10.12 min.