CAAB CPL Theory Exam flashcards
CAAB CPL Theory Exam · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Chicago Convention Article 1
- It states that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory, including territorial waters.
- Territorial sea width
- Under UNCLOS, the territorial sea extends up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, and the airspace above it is sovereign.
- Right-of-way converging aircraft
- When two aircraft converge at the same level, the aircraft on the right has the right of way; the other must give way.
- CPL privilege limit
- A commercial pilot licence allows commercial operations only within the ratings, recency and State limitations endorsed on the licence; it is not unlimited.
- Four-stroke engine cycle
- The sequence is intake, compression, power and exhaust; one complete cycle takes two crankshaft revolutions in a four-stroke piston engine.
- Stoichiometric mixture
- The chemically correct air/fuel mass ratio for complete combustion of gasoline is about 15:1; richer or leaner mixtures change power and temperature.
- Detonation versus pre-ignition
- Detonation is explosive combustion after normal ignition; pre-ignition is ignition before the spark. Both cause high cylinder head temperature and possible damage.
- Carburettor icing range
- Carburettor icing is most likely at ambient temperatures from about minus 10 to plus 20 degrees Celsius when humidity is high.
- Density altitude formula
- Density altitude equals pressure altitude plus 120 times the difference between outside air temperature and ISA temperature at that altitude.
- Headwind component formula
- Headwind component equals wind speed multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the wind direction and the runway heading.
- Centre of gravity formula
- Centre of gravity is total moment divided by total weight, where each moment is the item weight multiplied by its arm from the datum.
- V1 decision speed
- V1 is the speed at which the pilot must continue the takeoff after an engine failure; stopping is no longer assured.
- Time of useful consciousness FL350
- At FL350, time of useful consciousness is about 30 to 60 seconds after sudden loss of cabin pressure, before hypoxia impairs ability.
- Somatogravic illusion
- It is a false sensation of pitch caused by linear acceleration, such as during takeoff, making the pilot feel the aircraft is climbing.
- Dark adaptation time
- Full dark adaptation takes about 30 minutes; rods become more sensitive and provide night vision but poor colour discrimination.
- Carbon monoxide symptoms
- Carbon monoxide is odourless and causes headache, confusion, dizziness and possibly cherry-red skin by reducing the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
- ISA sea level values
- International Standard Atmosphere at sea level has a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius, pressure 1013.25 hectopascals and a lapse rate near 2 degrees per 1000 feet.
- QNH definition
- QNH is the altimeter setting that makes the altimeter indicate elevation above mean sea level when the aircraft is on the ground.
- Convective cloud base formula
- The convective cloud base in feet above ground is approximately the surface temperature minus dew point in Celsius multiplied by 400.
- Veering wind
- Wind veers when its direction changes clockwise, for example from 270 to 300 degrees; in the Northern Hemisphere wind generally veers with height.
- One minute latitude distance
- One minute of latitude equals one nautical mile, so one degree of latitude equals 60 nautical miles anywhere on the Earth.
- Departure formula
- Departure in nautical miles equals the change of longitude in minutes multiplied by the cosine of the latitude.
- Great circle route
- A great circle is the shortest path between two points on a sphere, but it crosses each meridian at a different angle.
- Aviate navigate communicate
- The emergency priority order means fly the aircraft first, then determine position and route, then communicate with air traffic control.
- Wake turbulence avoidance
- Stay above and upwind of a heavier preceding aircraft's flight path, and avoid the area below its takeoff or landing path.
- Transponder emergency codes
- Squawk 7700 for emergency, 7600 for radio failure and 7500 for unlawful interference; these codes alert air traffic control.
- Lift formula
- Lift equals lift coefficient times half the air density times velocity squared times wing area; angle of attack strongly affects lift coefficient.
- Load factor in turn
- In a level turn, load factor equals one divided by the cosine of the bank angle; stall speed increases with the square root of load factor.
- Induced drag trend
- Induced drag decreases as speed increases, while parasite drag increases with speed squared, so total drag is lowest near maximum lift-to-drag ratio.
- VHF airband range
- Civil VHF airband communications use frequencies from 118.000 to 136.975 megahertz; 121.5 megahertz is the international emergency frequency.
- Mayday and Pan-Pan
- Mayday is the distress call for immediate danger requiring assistance; Pan-Pan is the urgency call for a serious but not immediate danger.
- Lost communication squawk
- If radio communication fails, set transponder code 7600, maintain the last clearance or route, and attempt contact on other frequencies.