Customs Sepoy Written Exam key terms

A formal declaration filed by an importer with customs that describes imported goods, their value, quantity and duty liability, enabling assessment and clearance.

The declaration an exporter files with customs for goods being sent out of the country, stating description, value and destination for export clearance.

The monetary base on which customs duty is calculated, usually the transaction value of the goods plus freight and insurance adjustments.

A customs duty charged as a fixed percentage of the value of the goods rather than a fixed amount per unit.

A customs duty levied as a fixed sum per unit, weight or volume of goods, regardless of their monetary value.

A refund of duties previously paid on imported inputs that are later used in goods exported, intended to keep exports competitive.

A secured storage facility where imported goods may be kept without payment of duty until they are cleared for home use or re-exported.

A charge payable when containers or goods remain at a port or terminal beyond the free period allowed for clearance.

The illegal movement of goods across a border to evade customs duties or to bring in prohibited items, punishable under customs law.

Items whose import or export is banned outright by law, such as certain narcotics or wildlife products, and which customs must intercept.

Goods that may cross a border only with a licence or permission from an authorised authority, unlike freely importable items.

The legal power of customs officers to examine premises, vehicles or persons and to take custody of goods suspected of being smuggled.

A written communication requiring a person to explain why duty, penalty or confiscation should not be imposed, giving them a chance to respond.

The formal process in which a customs officer decides a case, determining duty liability, penalty or confiscation after considering the parties' submissions.

A document listing all cargo carried by a vessel or aircraft arriving at a port, which the carrier must file with customs in advance.

Basic freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution to every citizen, such as equality, speech, life and liberty, which courts can enforce.

Guidelines in the Constitution directing the State to pursue social and economic welfare goals, which are not directly enforceable in court.

A formal application asking a high court or the Supreme Court to issue a constitutional order protecting rights or correcting official action.

The power of courts to examine laws and executive actions and declare them invalid if they conflict with the Constitution.

The principle that the legislature, executive and judiciary each hold distinct functions and check one another to prevent concentration of authority.

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent states, each with defined spheres of competence.

The supreme authority of a state to govern itself without external interference, a core element of national identity and security.

The protection of a country's territorial integrity, institutions, citizens and economy from external and internal threats.

Measures taken to guard a nation's coastline and territorial waters against smuggling, infiltration and unauthorised entry.

Sustained alertness and watchfulness maintained by officials to detect wrongdoing, threats or irregularities in their area of responsibility.

The responsibility of a citizen to obey laws, pay taxes, respect public property and contribute to the community's well-being.

A conclusion drawn from available evidence and reasoning rather than stated directly, often tested in comprehension and logic questions.

A form of reasoning in which two premises lead to a conclusion, tested by checking whether that conclusion necessarily follows.

A relationship question that asks a candidate to identify a pair of items connected in the same way as a given pair.

A reasoning task requiring identification of the pattern governing a sequence of numbers, letters or figures and prediction of the next element.

A word whose meaning is opposite to that of another word, commonly tested in vocabulary sections of language papers.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in a given context.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal words used, such as 'to burn the midnight oil'.

A passage with words removed, where the candidate selects the option that best restores meaning and grammatical correctness.

The comparison of two quantities by division and the equation of two such comparisons, used to solve sharing and scaling problems.

A fraction expressed as a part per hundred, widely used in problems involving profit, loss, interest and data interpretation.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, without compounding on accrued interest.

Software that arranges data in rows and columns of cells and can perform calculations through formulas.

The core software that manages a computer's hardware, files and running programs and provides a platform for applications.

Any software deliberately designed to damage, disrupt or gain unauthorised access to a computer system, including viruses and spyware.