DPE Primary Teacher flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Object permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight, developing in Piaget's sensorimotor stage between roughly eight and twelve months of age.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the range of tasks a learner can complete with guidance but not yet alone; instruction is most effective inside this range.

Conservation (Piaget)

The recognition that quantity, mass, or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance; typically achieved in the concrete operational stage around age seven.

Scaffolding

Temporary, adjustable support given by a teacher or peer that lets a learner accomplish a task, then is gradually withdrawn as competence grows.

Operant conditioning

Skinner's principle that behavior is shaped by its consequences: reinforcement increases a behavior, punishment decreases it, and schedules affect persistence.

Bloom's revised taxonomy

A hierarchy of cognitive objectives ordered as remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate, and create, used to plan questions and tasks at varied difficulty.

Cooperative learning essentials

Five conditions: positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, explicit social skills, and group processing or reflection after the task.

Five E inquiry model

A lesson sequence of engage, explore, explain, elaborate, and evaluate that moves learners from experience to concept and then to application.

Wait time

The pause of roughly three to five seconds after asking a question, which increases response length, participation, and use of reasoning.

Microteaching

A scaled-down teaching practice with a small group and short lesson, followed by feedback and re-teaching, used to develop specific instructional skills.

Phonemic awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words, a foundational skill that is distinct from print-based phonics.

Devanagari script

The left-to-right writing system used for Nepali, with eleven vowels, thirty-three consonants, and conjunct forms combining consonants.

Reading fluency

Reading accurately at an appropriate rate with meaningful expression, which bridges word recognition and comprehension.

Formative writing feedback

Feedback given during drafting that prioritizes ideas and organization before surface conventions, so fluency and risk-taking are preserved.

Place value

The principle that each digit's value depends on its position, with each place worth ten times the place to its right.

CRA sequence

Concrete, representational, abstract: an instructional progression from manipulatives to drawings to symbols for building mathematical understanding.

Equivalent fractions

Fractions naming the same quantity, produced by multiplying or dividing both numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number.

Measures of central tendency

Mean is the sum divided by the count; median is the middle ordered value; mode is the most frequent value in a data set.

Prime number

A whole number greater than one with exactly two factors, one and itself; one is neither prime nor composite.

Photosynthesis equation

Carbon dioxide plus water plus light energy yields glucose plus oxygen, occurring in chloroplasts of green plant cells.

Communicable disease prevention

Interrupting transmission routes (air, water, food, vectors, contact) through handwashing, safe water, ventilation, and vector control.

Balanced diet

A diet supplying carbohydrates and fats for energy, proteins for growth and repair, vitamins and minerals for regulation, plus water and fibre.

Simple machines

Six basic devices, lever, pulley, inclined plane, wheel and axle, screw, and wedge, that trade applied force for distance or direction.

Nepal's administrative structure

Seven provinces and seventy-seven districts, with 753 local units comprising metropolitan cities, sub-metropolitan cities, municipalities, and rural municipalities.

Map scale

The ratio relating distance on a map to actual ground distance, allowing real distances to be calculated from measured map lengths.

Three Rs of waste

Reduce, reuse, and recycle, ordered by priority; reducing consumption prevents waste before reuse or recycling is needed.

Formative versus summative

Formative assessment occurs during learning to guide instruction; summative assessment occurs at the end to certify achievement against standards.

Validity versus reliability

Validity is whether a test measures the intended construct; reliability is consistency across occasions; a test may be reliable yet invalid.

Table of specifications

A test blueprint that allocates item numbers across content areas and cognitive levels before items are written, improving content coverage and validity.

Differentiation

Adapting content, process, product, or environment in response to learner readiness, interest, and profile so all learners can access the same goals.

Universal Design for Learning

A planning framework providing multiple means of representation, engagement, and action or expression to remove barriers for diverse learners.

SAMR model

A four-level ICT integration framework: substitution, augmentation, modification, redefinition, where the upper levels transform rather than merely enhance tasks.