Science and Health
Core concepts
Know the process skills of science: observing, classifying, measuring, inferring, predicting, experimenting and communicating. Understand basic content in living things (needs, growth, life cycles, classification), the human body and health (nutrition, hygiene, communicable disease prevention, first aid basics, immunization), matter and its states, force and motion, energy, light and sound, weather and water cycle, and environmental care. Know the difference between observation (what you sense) and inference (an explanation), and between hypothesis, theory and law. Understand fair testing: one variable changed, others kept constant.
Traps
A frequent trap is confusing a hypothesis (a testable prediction) with a guess or a conclusion. Another is labelling an inference as an observation, such as "the plant is thirsty" instead of "the leaves are drooping". Questions on health may test the difference between communicable and non-communicable disease, or between prevention and cure. Do not confuse physical change with chemical change, or mass with weight. In first aid items, remember safety first: never move a suspected spinal injury casually, and cool a burn with clean running water rather than applying oil or toothpaste.
Worked example
A question describes a pupil placing a plant in a dark box and another by a window, both watered equally, to see growth. Rule of thumb: this is a fair test because only light differs. The observation is "the boxed plant is pale and tall"; the inference is "light affects leaf colour".
Application
Teach through hands-on investigation, keep safety explicit, and link health content to daily habits and local context.