ITEE IT Passport cheat sheet
ITEE IT Passport · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Computer systems, databases, networks, information security, information design and information media
CPU performance = clock frequency × instructions per cycle (IPC); execution time = instruction count × CPI / clock rate.
Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > main memory > secondary storage; access time increases and cost per bit decreases down the hierarchy.
Relational database: table = relation, row = tuple, column = attribute; primary key uniquely identifies a tuple, foreign key references a primary key.
SQL commands: SELECT (query), INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE (data manipulation), CREATE/ALTER/DROP (data definition), COMMIT/ROLLBACK (transaction control).
ACID properties: Atomicity (all or nothing), Consistency (valid state), Isolation (concurrent transactions do not interfere), Durability (committed changes persist).
OSI 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application; TCP/IP model merges Session/Presentation into Application.
IPv4 address is 32 bits; IPv6 is 128 bits. Private IPv4 ranges: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16.
CIA triad: Confidentiality (encryption/access control), Integrity (hashing/checksums), Availability (redundancy/backups).
Symmetric encryption uses one shared key (AES); asymmetric uses public/private key pair (RSA); digital signature uses sender's private key to sign, public key to verify.
Use of office tools, corporate activities and related business operations
Spreadsheet relative reference (A1) adjusts when copied; absolute reference ($A$1) stays fixed; mixed reference locks only row or column.
Common spreadsheet functions: SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, COUNTA, IF, VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, SUMIF, COUNTIF.
Word processing: styles enforce consistent formatting; mail merge combines a main document with a data source.
Presentation: slide master controls global layout; keep text concise and use visuals to support the message.
Corporate organization: line (direct command) vs staff (advisory) functions; span of control is the number of subordinates a manager supervises.
Business forms: sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation (joint-stock company); corporation has limited liability and perpetual existence.
Marketing 4P: Product, Price, Place, Promotion. SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.
Accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity; balance sheet reports this at a point in time; income statement reports profit over a period.
Break-even point (units) = fixed costs / (unit price − variable cost per unit).
Data utilization, systems thinking and logical thinking (computational thinking)
Computational thinking components: decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, algorithm design.
Algorithm properties: finiteness, definiteness, input, output, effectiveness.
Flowchart symbols: oval = start/end, parallelogram = input/output, rectangle = process, diamond = decision, arrow = flow.
Logic gates: AND (true only if all true), OR (true if any true), NOT (inverts), XOR (true if inputs differ); NAND and NOR are universal gates.
De Morgan's laws: NOT(A AND B) = (NOT A) OR (NOT B); NOT(A OR B) = (NOT A) AND (NOT B).
Data types: integer, real (floating point), character, string, Boolean; type conversion may be implicit (coercion) or explicit (casting).
Big data characteristics (3V): Volume, Variety, Velocity (often extended with Veracity and Value).
Data analysis steps: problem definition → data collection → preprocessing/cleaning → analysis → interpretation → action.
Systems thinking: a system has inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback; emergent properties arise from component interactions.
Problem analysis and problem solving techniques, related laws and regulations, information security rules and policies, information ethics
Problem-solving cycle: identify problem → analyze causes → generate solutions → select and implement → evaluate results.
Root-cause tools: 5 Whys, fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram, Pareto analysis (80/20 rule).
Decision-making tools: decision tree, cost-benefit analysis, SWOT, PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle.
Personal data protection: collect only necessary data, specify purpose, obtain consent, keep secure, allow correction, and delete when no longer needed.
Unauthorized access prohibition law criminalizes unauthorized creation/use of access control codes and unauthorized access to computer systems.
Copyright: software and content are protected automatically upon creation; unauthorized copying or distribution may infringe copyright.
Information ethics: do not spread false information, respect privacy, avoid plagiarism, and follow organizational security policies.
Security policy hierarchy: information security policy (top) → standards → procedures → guidelines; applies to all employees and contractors.
Incident response steps: preparation, detection/analysis, containment, eradication, recovery, lessons learned.
Information system development and operation
SDLC phases: requirements definition, design, implementation (coding), testing, deployment, operation and maintenance.
Waterfall model is sequential with fixed requirements; agile development is iterative and incremental with frequent customer feedback.
Testing levels: unit (components), integration (interfaces), system (end-to-end), acceptance (user validation); regression testing rechecks after changes.
Black-box testing uses inputs/outputs without internal knowledge; white-box testing uses code structure (e.g., statement/branch coverage).
DevOps combines development and operations with CI/CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery) and automation.
Project management triangle: scope, time, cost; quality is affected by balancing these constraints.
ITIL service management: incident (restore service quickly) vs problem (find root cause); change management controls modifications.
Backup strategies: full, incremental (changes since last backup), differential (changes since last full backup); RAID improves availability/performance but is not a backup.
Service level agreement (SLA) defines expected service levels (uptime, response time) between provider and customer.
Overview of new technologies (AI, big data, IoT, etc.) and new methods (agile, etc.)
AI subsets: machine learning (learn from data), deep learning (neural networks with many layers), generative AI (creates text/images).
Machine learning types: supervised (labeled data), unsupervised (clustering), reinforcement learning (reward-based).
IoT architecture: devices/sensors → network (e.g., LPWA, 5G) → platform → applications; edge computing processes data near the source to reduce latency.
Cloud service models: IaaS (infrastructure), PaaS (platform), SaaS (software); deployment models: public, private, hybrid.
Big data processing: batch (Hadoop MapReduce) vs stream (real-time); data lake stores raw data, data warehouse stores structured data for analysis.
Agile practices: Scrum (sprints, roles: product owner, Scrum master, team) and Kanban (visualize workflow, limit WIP).
Blockchain: distributed ledger with chained blocks; tamper-resistant via hashing and consensus; used for cryptocurrency and traceability.
RPA (robotic process automation) automates repetitive rule-based tasks; low-code/no-code platforms enable rapid application development.
5G features: high speed, low latency, massive device connectivity (mMTC); enables remote control and autonomous vehicles.