ITEE IT Passport flashcards
ITEE IT Passport · Build recall with a focused review session.
33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Primary key
- A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a relational database table and cannot contain null values.
- Foreign key
- A column in one table that references the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity between related tables.
- ACID properties
- Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability: four guarantees that ensure database transactions are processed reliably even with errors or concurrency.
- OSI reference model
- A seven-layer conceptual framework for network communication: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers.
- Symmetric encryption
- An encryption method where the same secret key is used for both encryption and decryption, requiring secure key distribution between parties.
- Digital signature
- A cryptographic mechanism where a sender signs a message with their private key, and the receiver verifies it with the sender's public key to confirm authenticity and integrity.
- Absolute cell reference
- A spreadsheet reference like $A$1 that remains fixed when copied to other cells, unlike a relative reference which adjusts.
- Break-even point
- The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost, calculated as fixed costs divided by unit price minus variable cost per unit.
- SWOT analysis
- A strategic planning tool that examines internal Strengths and Weaknesses and external Opportunities and Threats facing an organization.
- Span of control
- The number of subordinates that a manager can effectively supervise directly, influencing organizational structure and hierarchy.
- Mail merge
- A word processing feature that combines a main document with a data source to produce personalized letters or labels for many recipients.
- Computational thinking
- A problem-solving approach involving decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design to formulate solutions that can be executed by computers or humans.
- Algorithm
- A finite sequence of well-defined instructions that takes inputs and produces outputs, with properties of finiteness, definiteness, and effectiveness.
- Flowchart decision symbol
- A diamond-shaped symbol in a flowchart that represents a conditional branch, with one input and multiple outputs based on a yes/no condition.
- De Morgan's laws
- Logical rules stating that NOT(A AND B) equals (NOT A) OR (NOT B), and NOT(A OR B) equals (NOT A) AND (NOT B).
- Big data 3Vs
- Volume (large amount), Variety (different formats), and Velocity (high speed) are the three primary characteristics of big data.
- Systems thinking
- An approach that views a problem as a whole system with inputs, processes, outputs, and feedback, emphasizing relationships among components.
- PDCA cycle
- A continuous improvement method with four steps: Plan (set goals), Do (execute), Check (evaluate results), and Act (standardize or adjust).
- Root cause analysis
- A structured technique such as the 5 Whys or fishbone diagram used to identify the fundamental reason a problem occurs, not just its symptoms.
- Pareto analysis
- The 80/20 rule applied to problem solving: roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes, helping prioritize the most impactful issues.
- Unauthorized access prohibition law
- A law that prohibits unauthorized creation or use of access control codes and unauthorized access to computer systems, protecting information systems.
- Information security policy
- A top-level document that defines an organization's approach to protecting information assets, including rules, responsibilities, and consequences for violations.
- Incident response
- A structured process for handling security incidents: preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned.
- Waterfall model
- A sequential software development model where each phase (requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment) is completed before the next begins.
- Agile development
- An iterative and incremental approach to software development that emphasizes customer collaboration, working software, and responsiveness to change over rigid planning.
- Black-box testing
- A testing method that examines functionality without knowledge of internal code structure, focusing on inputs and expected outputs.
- Regression testing
- Testing performed after changes to ensure that new modifications have not broken existing functionality.
- DevOps
- A collaborative culture and set of practices that integrate software development and IT operations, often using CI/CD automation to deliver software faster.
- SLA
- Service Level Agreement: a contract between a service provider and customer that defines expected service levels such as uptime, response time, and support.
- Machine learning
- A subset of AI where systems learn patterns from data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed for each case.
- IoT
- Internet of Things: a network of physical devices with sensors and connectivity that collect and exchange data over the internet.
- Cloud service models
- IaaS provides infrastructure, PaaS provides development platforms, and SaaS provides ready-to-use software over the internet.
- Blockchain
- A distributed ledger technology where data is stored in chained blocks secured by cryptography and consensus, making records tamper-resistant.