BMEB Alim Examination flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Makhraj

The point of articulation in the mouth or throat where a letter is produced; tajwid defines seventeen such points grouped into five regions.

Ghunnah

A nasalized sound produced through the nose, obligatory for noon and meem when doubled, and lasting about two counts in tajwid practice.

Qalqalah

An echoing or bouncing sound applied to the letters qaf, ta, ba, jim, and dal when they carry sukun or occur at the end of a verse.

Madd Lazim

An obligatory prolongation of six counts occurring when a madd letter is followed by a sukun or doubled letter within the same word.

Tafsir bi'l-Ma'thur

Interpretation based on transmitted sources: the Qur'an explaining itself, then the Sunnah, then statements of Companions and Successors.

Asbab al-Nuzul

The historical circumstances or events that prompted the revelation of particular verses, used to clarify their intended meaning and application.

Nasikh and Mansukh

Abrogating and abrogated verses; a later ruling replaces an earlier one, established only by explicit evidence from revelation or a Companion's report.

Muhkam and Mutashabih

Muhkam verses are clear and decisive in meaning; mutashabih verses admit multiple interpretations, and the Qur'an itself distinguishes them in 3:7.

Qira'at

The canonical modes of reciting the Qur'an transmitted through chains of narrators; ten are recognized as mutawatir in the classical tradition.

Isnad

The chain of narrators linking a hadith text back to the Prophet, examined for continuity and reliability of each transmitter.

Matn

The actual text or content of a hadith, as distinct from its chain of narrators; it is also subject to critical evaluation.

Sahih Hadith

A narration with a continuous chain of upright, precise narrators, free from contradiction of stronger evidence and from hidden defects.

Hadith Mutawatir

A report transmitted by so many independent chains that agreement on fabrication is inconceivable, yielding certain knowledge rather than probability.

Jarh wa Ta'dil

The science of criticizing and validating hadith narrators, assessing their reliability and character to determine whether their reports are accepted.

I'rab

The system of case endings in Arabic that marks a word's grammatical function: nominative, accusative, genitive, or jussive.

Tashbih

A rhetorical figure in Arabic balagha comparing two things through an explicit particle such as ka or mithl, forming a simile.

Isti'ara

A metaphor in Arabic rhetoric in which a word is used beyond its literal sense because of a resemblance between the two meanings.

Qasida

The classical Arabic ode form, typically with a single rhyme and meter, opening with a nasib and proceeding through defined thematic sections.

Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah

The affirmation that Allah alone deserves worship, directing all acts of devotion such as prayer, supplication, and sacrifice to Him exclusively.

Qadar

The divine decree: Allah's knowledge, writing, will, and creation encompass all events, while human beings acquire moral responsibility for their choices.

Asma' wa Sifat

Allah's names and attributes as revealed in the Qur'an and Sunnah, affirmed without likening them to creation or denying their reality.

Ijma'

The consensus of qualified Muslim scholars on a ruling after the Prophet's death, considered a binding source of law in Sunni usul.

Qiyas

Analogical reasoning in Islamic law: extending a known ruling to a new case because the two share an effective cause ('illah).

Maqasid al-Shari'ah

The higher objectives of Islamic law, chiefly preserving religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property in the interest of humanity.

Nisab

The minimum threshold of wealth that makes zakah obligatory when held for a full lunar year; the rate is generally 2.5 percent.

Hijrah

The Prophet's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, which marks the start of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Constitution of Medina

A document organizing relations among the Muslim community, Jewish tribes, and others in Medina, defining rights and mutual obligations.

Farewell Sermon

The Prophet's address at 'Arafah in 10 AH, affirming sanctity of life, property, and honor, and declaring the completion of the religion.

Ghibah

Mentioning a fellow Muslim in a manner they would dislike, even if the statement is true; it is prohibited unless a legitimate need requires it.

Ihsan

Excellence in worship and conduct: worshipping Allah as though seeing Him, and performing all acts with quality and sincerity.

Da'wah

Calling others to Islam through wisdom, good admonition, and gentle discussion, with the aim of conveying the message rather than compelling belief.

Bloom's Taxonomy

A hierarchical classification of learning objectives from remembering through creating, used to design curricula and assessments in Islamic studies.