Dakhil Examination key terms

Two adjacent sounds joining to form one combined sound, as when a word-final vowel meets an initial vowel. Bangla grammar questions ask candidates to split or join such pairs correctly.

The compacting of several words into a single compound word, such as joining a qualifier with a noun. Candidates identify the type and expand the compound back into its component words.

The grammatical relation a noun or pronoun bears to the verb of a sentence, such as doer, object, or instrument. Bangla grammar labels these relations with specific case markers.

A suffix attached to a noun or pronoun that signals its case relation in the sentence. Recognizing the suffix helps candidates decide whether a word acts as subject, object, or possessive.

The word in a sentence that expresses the action or state, carrying tense, person, and honorific endings. Agreement between verb ending and subject person is a common examination point.

The classification of Bangla sentences by purpose, such as statement, question, command, and exclamation, and by structure as simple, complex, or compound. Candidates convert one type into another.

A figure of speech that decorates meaning through comparison, exaggeration, or sound play. Bangla literature items ask candidates to name the figure used in a quoted line.

The aesthetic pleasure a reader or audience derives from a literary work, classified into kinds such as heroic, comic, and pathetic. Candidates match an excerpt with its dominant flavour.

A class of medieval Bangla narrative poetry praising a deity and describing the deity's power and blessings. It is a standard topic in the history of Bangla literature.

Poems, stories, novels, and plays written about or during the 1971 War of Independence, expressing patriotism, loss, and resistance. It is a recurring theme in Bangla comprehension passages.

The eight classes into which English words are grouped by function, such as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Identifying a word's class guides correct sentence construction.

The verb forms that locate an action in time and show whether it is ongoing, completed, or repeated. Examinations test correct choice of present perfect, past continuous, and similar combinations.

The grammatical choice of making the doer or the receiver the subject of a sentence. Candidates transform sentences between active and passive forms while keeping tense consistent.

The two ways of reporting speech: quoting the speaker's exact words or restating them with adjusted pronouns, tense, and time words. Conversion accuracy is a frequent test item.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, even when words intervene between them. Candidates must locate the true subject before choosing the verb form.

Selecting the verb form that fits the sentence's tense, subject, and structure, including after certain conjunctions and modals. This is a standard fill-in-the-blank item type.

Fixed expressions whose meaning cannot be deduced word by word, such as combinations with common verbs. Candidates match each expression with its accepted meaning.

Words with the same or nearly the same meaning, and words with opposite meanings. Vocabulary items ask candidates to choose the closest equivalent or the contrary word.

A short unseen text followed by questions on its main idea, details, inference, and vocabulary in context. Answers must be supported by the passage rather than by outside knowledge.

Producing organized connected prose with a topic sentence, supporting detail, and conclusion on a given theme. Marks reward coherence, relevant content, and grammatical accuracy.

A well-defined collection of distinct objects, written with braces or described by a rule. Candidates find unions, intersections, complements, and the number of subsets of a given set.

A combination of variables, constants, and operations, which can be simplified, factorized, or evaluated. Factorization and formula application are frequent items.

A statement that two expressions are equal, solved by finding values of the variable that make it true. Simultaneous and quadratic equations appear regularly.

A relation showing one quantity is greater than, less than, or not equal to another, solved on the number line. Candidates state solution sets and graph them.

The study of ratios between the sides of a right triangle and their use for angles and distances. Candidates apply sine, cosine, and tangent values to heights and distances.

The branch of mathematics dealing with points, lines, angles, and figures and their properties and proofs. Theorems on triangles and circles are commonly examined.

Calculating perimeter, area, surface area, and volume of plane and solid figures using standard formulas. Candidates select the right formula and keep units consistent.

A measure between zero and one of how likely an event is, found by dividing favourable outcomes by total equally likely outcomes. It is tested with dice, cards, and balls.

Collecting, organizing, and summarizing numerical data using mean, median, mode, and graphs. Candidates compute these measures from grouped or ungrouped data.

Substances that taste sour and turn blue litmus red, or feel slippery and turn red litmus blue, reacting together to form salt and water. pH and indicators are tested.

A process in which substances change into new substances with different properties, shown by a balanced equation. Candidates classify reactions and balance them.

The amount of a substance containing as many particles as there are atoms in twelve grams of carbon-12. It links mass, particle number, and gas volume in calculations.

Three principles describing how force changes motion, why objects resist change, and why every action has an equal opposite reaction. Numerical problems apply the second law.

Work is force acting through a distance, and energy is the capacity to do work, conserved but convertible between forms. Candidates compute power and efficiency.

The mutual attraction between any two masses, stronger for larger masses and weaker with distance. It explains falling bodies, weight, and satellite orbits.

The smallest structural and functional unit of a living organism, containing a nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane in eukaryotes. Candidates label parts and state their functions.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen in chloroplasts. Factors affecting its rate are examined.

The breakdown of food, especially glucose, inside cells to release energy, with or without oxygen. Candidates compare aerobic and anaerobic pathways and their products.

The movement of blood through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying oxygen and nutrients and removing waste. The heart's chambers and valves are commonly labelled.

The armed struggle of the people of Bangladesh in 1971 that ended Pakistani rule and established an independent state. Dates, sectors, and key events are frequently asked.

One of the eleven geographic command areas into which the 1971 war was divided for military operations. Candidates match sectors with their commanders and locations.

The provisional government of Bangladesh formed in April 1971 and sworn in at Mujibnagar, which directed the war and sought international support. Its leaders and oath date are examined.

The campaign culminating in 1952 in which students and citizens of East Bengal demanded Bangla as a state language, and several were killed in Dhaka. Its date and significance are core facts.

The supreme written law of Bangladesh adopted in 1972, setting out state principles, fundamental rights, and the structure of government. Articles and amendments are commonly tested.

The physical parts of a computer system, including input devices, processor, memory, storage, and output devices. Candidates distinguish their functions and connections.

The programs and instructions that tell computer hardware what to do, divided into system software and application software. Candidates classify examples correctly.

Two or more computers linked so they can share data and resources, using cables or wireless links. Candidates identify topologies, devices, and internet services.

Practices that protect data, devices, and personal identity online, such as strong passwords, safe browsing, and avoiding malicious links. Ethical and legal aspects are tested.

Acts of worship performed to obey and please God, including prayer, fasting, charity, and pilgrimage, each with prescribed rules. Candidates explain conditions and purposes.

Moral character and good conduct toward God, oneself, and others, such as truthfulness, patience, and kindness. Candidates apply these qualities to everyday situations.

An obligatory annual share of certain wealth given to specified categories of needy people, at a fixed rate once wealth exceeds a minimum. Its conditions and beneficiaries are examined.

Respecting the beliefs and practices of people of other faiths while holding one's own, and living together peacefully. It appears in moral-education chapters across all four religion options.

Planned bodily activity that develops strength, flexibility, and endurance, such as stretching, running, and games. Candidates describe correct technique and safety rules.

Immediate, temporary help given to an injured or suddenly ill person before professional treatment, such as stopping bleeding or immobilizing a fracture. Steps must be recalled in order.

The supply of energy and nutrients the body needs from foods, grouped into carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Balanced-diet questions build on this.

An illness that spreads from one person or animal to another through air, water, food, or contact, such as tuberculosis or measles. Prevention methods are commonly asked.

A practical ability learned for producing goods or services, such as gardening, sewing, or electrical repair, taught through hands-on projects. Candidates describe tools and steps.

A person who identifies an opportunity, gathers resources, and takes on risk to start and run a small enterprise. Candidates explain qualities and simple business plans.

Arranging a workplace so that tools, materials, and procedures reduce the chance of injury, including proper lighting, storage, and protective equipment. Safety rules are tested.