ICT: Hardware, Software, Networks and Safety
Core concepts
Revise computer generations, hardware components and their functions, input and output devices, memory types and units. Learn software categories, operating systems, word processing and spreadsheet basics, and database concepts. Networking topics include types of networks, the internet, browsers, email and IP addressing. Also study cyber safety, malware, passwords and digital citizenship.
Traps to expect
- Confusing RAM with ROM, or primary with secondary storage.
- Mixing input and output devices, such as a touchscreen.
- Reversing the order of memory units (bit, byte, KB, MB).
- Choosing an unsafe practice as if it were recommended.
Rule of thumb
For device questions, ask “does it bring data in or send data out?” For safety questions, prefer the option that protects data and privacy.
Worked example
Arrange in increasing size: bit, byte, kilobyte, megabyte. A byte is 8 bits, and each later unit is roughly a thousand times larger.