Kamil Examination flashcards
Kamil Examination · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Informed consent elements
- Disclosure of purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and alternatives, plus confirmation of voluntariness and the right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
- Dual role
- A situation in which one professional holds two relationships with the same person, permitted only when the second role cannot impair objectivity or exploit dependence.
- Mandatory reporting
- A legal duty to notify authorities of suspected abuse, neglect, or specified harm, which overrides ordinary confidentiality obligations in most jurisdictions.
- Conflict of interest management
- Disclosure combined with recusal from the affected decision; disclosure alone does not neutralize a material financial or personal interest.
- Sensitivity
- The proportion of people who truly have a condition and are correctly identified by the test, calculated as true positives divided by all true cases.
- Specificity
- The proportion of people without the condition who are correctly identified as negative, calculated as true negatives divided by all people without the condition.
- Number needed to treat
- The reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction, expressing how many people must receive an intervention for one additional person to benefit.
- Reliability versus validity
- Reliability is the consistency or reproducibility of a measurement; validity is whether the instrument actually measures the construct it claims to measure.
- Evidence hierarchy
- A ranking of study designs in which systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials sit above cohort studies, case series, and expert opinion.
- Standard error of measurement
- An index of score instability computed as the standard deviation multiplied by the square root of one minus the reliability coefficient.
- Criterion-referenced test
- An assessment that compares a person's performance to a fixed standard of mastery rather than to the scores of a reference group.
- SMART goal
- A goal statement that is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, naming an observable indicator and a target date.
- Baseline assessment
- Measurement taken before intervention begins, providing the comparison point needed to attribute later change to the plan rather than to other causes.
- Screening versus confirmatory testing
- Screening instruments are selected for high sensitivity to avoid missing cases; confirmatory tests are selected for high specificity to avoid false positives.
- Treatment fidelity
- The degree to which an intervention is delivered as designed, including identical content, dose, sequence, and duration across participants and sessions.
- Progress monitoring
- Repeated brief measurement during intervention so that the trend of scores, rather than any single value, guides mid-course decisions.
- Single-variable modification
- A practice of changing only one element of an intervention at a time so that any resulting change in outcome can be attributed to that element.
- Contraindication screening
- Checking for conditions that make an intervention unsafe, performed before each session because a person's status can change between visits.
- Generalization programming
- Deliberately varying settings, materials, and people during practice so that skills transfer beyond the original training conditions.
- Absolute risk reduction
- The arithmetic difference between the event rate in the control group and the event rate in the treated group, expressed as a proportion.
- Effect size
- A standardized index of magnitude, such as the difference between group means divided by the pooled standard deviation, independent of sample size.
- Formative versus summative evaluation
- Formative evaluation occurs during delivery to improve the program; summative evaluation occurs at completion to judge overall merit or worth.
- Attrition bias
- Distortion of results when participants who drop out differ systematically from those who remain, making completers unrepresentative of the original group.
- Minimal clinically important difference
- The smallest change in an outcome that a patient or clinician would regard as meaningful, used to judge whether statistical significance translates into real benefit.
- Objective documentation
- Recording observable behavior and measured data rather than inference; subjective impressions are labeled as such and attributed to their source.
- Record correction procedure
- Errors are corrected with a single line through the entry, plus initials, date, and reason; erasure, overwriting, and backdating are prohibited.
- Release of information
- A signed authorization that names the recipient, the specific information to be shared, the purpose, and an expiration date.
- Teach-back method
- A communication check in which the recipient restates the information in their own words, confirming understanding rather than mere receipt.
- Plain-language standard
- Writing or speaking at roughly a sixth-grade reading level, using short sentences and avoiding unexplained technical terms and abbreviations.
- Record retention rule
- Records are kept for the longer of the statutory period or the licensure requirement; records of minors often extend past the age of majority.
- Hierarchy of controls
- A ranking of hazard controls from elimination and substitution at the top through engineering and administrative measures to personal protective equipment at the bottom.
- Medication rights
- Verification of right person, drug, dose, route, and time, together with documentation and confirmation of allergies before administration.