NTRCA College key terms

The phonological joining of two adjacent sounds or words into one continuous form, often changing vowels or consonants at the boundary. Bengali grammar questions ask candidates to split or combine forms and name the rule applied.

A compound word formed by merging two or more words into a single unit whose meaning may be narrower or different from its parts. Candidates classify compounds by type and expand them into their component words.

The grammatical role a noun or pronoun plays in relation to a verb, such as doer, object, instrument, or location. Bengali recognizes several karaka types marked largely by case endings and postpositions.

A case ending attached to a noun or pronoun to signal its grammatical relation in a sentence. Bengali marks cases with suffixes and postpositions rather than by word order alone.

The verb of a sentence, expressing an action, event, or state. Bengali verbs inflect for person, tense, aspect, and honorific level, and are classed as finite or non-finite.

The simple past tense in Bengali, describing a completed action without reference to its internal duration. It contrasts with the habitual past and the perfect past in tense-classification questions.

The case role naming the instrument or means by which an action is performed. In Bengali it is typically marked by postpositions meaning 'by' or 'with', and is tested in sentence-analysis items.

The nasalization mark placed above a Bengali vowel sign or letter, giving the vowel a nasal quality or altering meaning. Its correct placement is a standard item in orthography questions.

The system of Bengali metre governing syllable count, stress, and pause patterns in verse. Candidates identify metres such as matrabritta and aksharbritta and scan lines to name the metre used.

Rhetorical figures that ornament literary language, divided into figures of sound and figures of meaning. Questions ask candidates to identify a figure from a quoted line and justify the choice.

A figure of speech in which one thing is identified with another without an explicit comparison word, effectively a sustained metaphor. Candidates distinguish it from simile, which uses comparison markers.

The long narrative prose genre presenting characters, setting, and plot across extended development. Bengali literary history questions link major novelists to their works, periods, and thematic concerns.

The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a language. English questions test the ability to identify and count phonemes and to contrast them with letters of the alphabet.

The smallest meaningful unit of language, either free-standing as a word or bound as an affix. Candidates segment words into morphemes and classify them as lexical or grammatical, free or bound.

A single vowel sound whose quality glides from one position to another within the same syllable. English has several, and candidates must distinguish them from adjacent vowel sequences spanning two syllables.

The short, unstressed central vowel heard in many weak English syllables. Recognizing it helps candidates explain spelling-sound mismatches and stress reduction in connected speech.

The relative prominence given to one syllable of a word through loudness, length, and pitch. English stress placement can shift with word class or suffix, and misplacement is a common error candidates must spot.

The pattern of pitch movement across a phrase or sentence, used to signal questions, statements, lists, and attitude. Candidates match falling or rising contours to their communicative functions.

The process of forming new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to a base. Questions ask candidates to derive word families and to identify the grammatical category produced by an affix.

The habitual co-occurrence of particular words, such as a verb with a specific noun, that sounds natural to native speakers. Candidates select the conventional partner word rather than a synonym.

A fixed expression whose overall meaning cannot be deduced from the literal senses of its individual words. Candidates interpret idioms in context and avoid substituting words that break the fixed form.

A verb combined with an adverb or preposition particle to yield a new meaning, which may be idiomatic. Candidates must know whether the particle can be separated from the verb by an object.

A short question appended to a statement to seek confirmation, using an auxiliary and pronoun that mirror the main clause. The polarity is normally reversed, and intonation affects whether it invites agreement or genuine doubt.

The grammatical category distinguishing active clauses, where the subject performs the action, from passive clauses, where the object becomes subject. Transformation questions test tense, agreement, and agent marking.

The conversion of direct speech into indirect speech or the reverse, requiring changes to pronouns, tense, time and place words, and reporting verbs. Candidates must apply backshift rules consistently.

A sentence expressing that one situation depends on another, classified by the reality or likelihood of the condition. Each type pairs a specific if-clause tense with a matching main-clause form.

A verb form used for wishes, demands, and hypothetical situations rather than plain statements of fact. English retains it in fixed patterns after certain verbs and expressions, often using the base form.

The constitutional provision barring a member of Parliament from voting against the party that nominated them, or resigning from that party, on pain of losing the seat. It shapes party discipline and legislative behaviour.

The supreme written law adopted in 1972 that establishes the state's structure, fundamental rights, and governing principles. It has been amended many times, and questions test original provisions, amendments, and judicial interpretation.

The unicameral national parliament of Bangladesh, whose members are elected from territorial constituencies. It exercises legislative power, passes the budget, and holds the executive accountable.

A formal application to a high court asking it to enforce a fundamental right or correct an unlawful exercise of authority. The constitution empowers the High Court Division to issue such directions.

The campaign culminating in 1952 in which students and citizens in East Bengal demanded recognition of Bengali as a state language. It is commemorated on 21 February and is central to national identity questions.

The armed struggle of 1971 through which Bangladesh achieved independence. Questions cover its causes, major sectors and operations, the role of the Mujibnagar government, and international responses.

The provisional government of Bangladesh formed in April 1971, which led the war and issued the declaration of independence. Its cabinet, secretariats, and diplomatic missions are frequent factual items.

The national institution for promoting Bengali language and literature, established in Dhaka in the 1950s. It publishes dictionaries and the Bengali encyclopaedia and organises the annual book fair.

The theory and practice of teaching, including how learning objectives, activities, and assessment are planned and aligned. College-level questions ask candidates to match methods to learner needs and subject matter.

Ongoing evaluation during instruction that provides feedback to adjust teaching and learning, rather than assigning a final grade. Candidates contrast it with summative assessment and choose suitable classroom techniques.

A structured outline of a single lesson stating objectives, materials, sequence of activities, timing, and evaluation. Questions test how well a plan aligns its stages with stated learning outcomes.