Bulgaria Theory Test D cheat sheet

Bulgarian speed limits for cars up to 3.5 t: 50 km/h in built-up areas, 90 km/h on single carriageways, 140 km/h on motorways; 80 km/h and 100 km/h apply to vehicles over 3.5 t and to vehicles towing trailers.

Warning signs are triangles with a red border and white field; prohibition signs are red-bordered circles; mandatory signs are blue circles; priority-road and motorway signs are blue squares or rectangles.

Give way to traffic already on the roundabout; when entering, yield to vehicles circulating unless signs or signals indicate otherwise.

Pedestrians on a marked zebra crossing have priority; a driver must stop before the crossing if a pedestrian has stepped onto it or shows intent to cross.

A solid white line at the edge of the carriageway may not be crossed except to avoid an obstacle or when the road is blocked.

Overtaking is prohibited at pedestrian crossings, at level crossings, on bridges, in tunnels, and where visibility is restricted by a bend or hillcrest.

Emergency vehicles with flashing blue lights and siren have priority; drivers must pull over and stop if necessary to clear the way.

Following distance: keep at least a 2-second gap in dry conditions, doubling to 4 seconds in rain and more on ice or snow.

A driver must not use a handheld mobile phone while driving; only hands-free devices are permitted, and only when they do not distract.

Broken white longitudinal lines may be crossed for overtaking; solid white longitudinal lines may not be crossed except for a permitted manoeuvre such as turning into a property.

A double solid white line separates opposing traffic streams and must not be crossed by either direction.

Yellow zig-zag or yellow kerb markings indicate a bus stop or no-parking zone; parking there is prohibited.

A flashing amber signal at a pedestrian crossing means proceed only if no pedestrian is on the crossing; pedestrians have priority.

A flashing red signal or a red cross above a lane means the lane is closed; drivers must leave it and not enter.

Green arrow signals give priority in the direction of the arrow but do not override the duty to yield to pedestrians already crossing.

Lane arrows on the carriageway indicate the permitted direction of travel for that lane; changing lanes after entering an arrow lane is not allowed.

A yellow box junction must not be entered unless the exit is clear, to avoid blocking the junction.

Category B covers motor vehicles up to 3,500 kg maximum authorised mass with up to 8 seats excluding the driver; a trailer up to 750 kg may be towed, or more if the combined mass does not exceed 3,500 kg.

Category BE permits a trailer over 750 kg behind a category B vehicle; category C covers goods vehicles over 3,500 kg; category D covers buses with more than 8 passenger seats.

Drivers must carry a valid driving licence, vehicle registration certificate, compulsory third-party liability insurance certificate, and a valid technical inspection certificate.

The maximum permitted blood alcohol concentration for drivers in Bulgaria is 0.05 percent; for novice drivers and professional drivers the limit is zero.

Loads must be secured so they cannot shift, fall, or endanger other road users; loads projecting more than 1 m beyond the rear must be marked with a warning sign.

The maximum permitted width of a vehicle including load is 2.55 m; maximum height is 4 m; maximum length for a single vehicle is 12 m.

A load projecting more than 40 cm beyond the sides of the vehicle must be marked at the outermost points during darkness or poor visibility.

The technical inspection certificate must be renewed at intervals set by the vehicle category; driving without a valid one is an offence.

Alcohol is absorbed within 30 to 90 minutes of consumption; the liver metabolises roughly 0.1 to 0.15 g per litre of blood alcohol per hour, so coffee or cold air does not speed elimination.

Any detectable level of illegal drugs or impairing medication is incompatible with driving; prescribed medicines must be checked for driving warnings on the label.

Symptoms of fatigue include yawning, heavy eyelids, drifting attention, and missed road signs; the only effective remedy is stopping and resting, ideally a short nap of 15 to 20 minutes.

Driving after 17 or more hours awake produces impairment comparable to a blood alcohol level above the legal limit.

A driver must not drive when ill, injured, or taking medication that impairs reaction time, concentration, or vision.

Vision requirements: corrected visual acuity of at least 0.5 in the better eye and 0.2 in the worse eye for category B drivers.

Drivers must report medical conditions that affect fitness to drive; a medical certificate may be required at licence renewal or after certain illnesses.

Rest breaks: after 4.5 hours of driving a professional driver must take a 45-minute break, split into 15 minutes plus 30 minutes if desired.

The two-second rule: pick a fixed roadside object, count two seconds after the vehicle ahead passes it; if you reach it sooner, you are too close.

Stopping distance equals thinking distance plus braking distance; at 50 km/h the total is roughly 27 m on dry asphalt and substantially more when wet.

Braking distance increases with the square of speed: doubling speed from 50 to 100 km/h roughly quadruples the braking distance.

In fog, use dipped headlights or fog lamps; do not use main beam, which reflects back and reduces visibility.

Aquaplaning occurs when tyres lose contact with water on the road; ease off the accelerator, do not brake hard, and steer gently until grip returns.

When a vehicle begins to skid, steer in the direction of the skid and avoid sudden braking or acceleration.

At night, dip headlights when meeting oncoming traffic or following another vehicle to avoid dazzling other drivers.

Hazard perception: scan far ahead, check mirrors regularly, and anticipate the actions of pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles emerging from side roads.

Minimum tyre tread depth for cars is 1.6 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread; tyres must be free of cuts, bulges, and exposed cords.

Tyre pressures must be checked when cold and adjusted for load; under-inflation increases fuel consumption and the risk of overheating and blowouts.

Brake fluid absorbs moisture over time and should be replaced roughly every two years; a spongy pedal indicates air in the system or fluid loss.

Engine oil level should be checked with the engine cold and the vehicle on level ground; the level must sit between the minimum and maximum marks.

Coolant level must be checked when the engine is cold; never open a hot radiator cap because of the risk of scalding.

Lighting checks: verify headlights, brake lights, indicators, reversing lights, and hazard lights before each journey.

The battery should be checked for secure mounting, clean terminals, and correct electrolyte level in serviceable types; a weak battery impairs starting and electronics.

Warning lights such as oil pressure, battery, brake, and engine management require immediate attention; a red warning light means stop as soon as it is safe.

Scene safety first: switch off the ignition, apply the handbrake, place a warning triangle at least 30 m behind the vehicle on ordinary roads (more on motorways), and wear a high-visibility vest.

Call emergency services (112 in Bulgaria) and give the location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries.

Check responsiveness and breathing; if the casualty is not breathing normally, begin chest compressions at 100 to 120 per minute, 5 to 6 cm deep, and continue until help arrives.

Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire or risk of further collision; suspected spinal injuries require immobilisation.

Control severe bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth or dressing; elevate the limb if possible and do not remove embedded objects.

For burns, cool the area with clean running water for at least 10 minutes and do not apply ointments or ice.

Place an unconscious but breathing casualty in the recovery position and monitor breathing continuously.

Do not give food or drink to an injured person who may need surgery or who is unconscious.

EU driving time rules: maximum 9 hours daily, extendable to 10 hours twice a week; maximum 56 hours weekly and 90 hours over any two consecutive weeks.

A break of at least 45 minutes is required after 4.5 hours of driving; it may be split into a 15-minute and a 30-minute period, in that order.

Daily rest is normally 11 hours, reducible to 9 hours up to three times between weekly rests; weekly rest is 45 hours, reducible to 24 hours under conditions.

The tachograph records driving time, rest, other work, and availability; the driver must use the correct mode and keep records for at least 28 days.

Manual entries must be made for activities not recorded automatically, such as other work and rest periods.

Passengers must wear seat belts where fitted; the driver is responsible for ensuring children use appropriate restraints.

A driver must not carry more passengers than the vehicle is registered for; overloading passengers is an offence.

Drivers of buses and coaches must not be distracted by passengers; conversations must not compromise attention to the road.

Smooth acceleration and early gear changes at around 2,000 to 2,500 rpm reduce fuel consumption compared with high-revving driving.

Anticipate traffic flow and release the accelerator early; engine braking with the vehicle in gear cuts fuel to zero on modern engines.

Idling wastes fuel; switch off the engine when stationary for more than about 30 seconds, except in traffic where restarting is unsafe.

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance; under-inflated tyres can increase fuel consumption by several percent.

Remove unnecessary roof racks and heavy loads; aerodynamic drag and excess weight increase fuel use.

Air conditioning increases fuel consumption; use it sparingly and prefer ventilation at low speeds.

Regular servicing, clean air filters, and correctly functioning oxygen sensors keep emissions and consumption low.

Catalytic converters reduce harmful emissions; leaded fuel must never be used in vehicles fitted with a catalytic converter.

Route planning and avoiding congested roads reduce both fuel consumption and emissions.