Bulgaria Theory Test D key terms

The priority a road user has to proceed first at a junction, crossing or narrow passage, determined by signs, signals or the general priority rules when these are absent.

A road marked with a priority sign whose traffic keeps right of way at junctions over vehicles emerging from side roads, until a sign or signal indicates otherwise.

A junction with no signs, markings or signals governing priority, where drivers must apply the general rule and yield to traffic approaching from the right.

A broken white transverse line across a lane showing where a driver must stop if necessary to let priority traffic pass before entering the junction or joining the flow.

A continuous white transverse line marking the exact point where a vehicle must halt at a stop sign, red signal or before a railway crossing, and must not be crossed while stopping is required.

The fixed sequence of red, red-and-amber, green and amber signals controlling traffic, where amber means stop unless stopping safely is impossible and red-and-amber warns that green is imminent.

A signal warning of a hazard such as a pedestrian crossing, roadworks or an unguarded railway crossing, permitting traffic to proceed only with extra care and readiness to stop.

A road section marked for pedestrians to cross, where drivers must slow down, give way to anyone on the crossing and never overtake a vehicle stopped before it.

Road users with little physical protection, such as pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and children, who need extra space, lower speeds and earlier anticipation from drivers.

The gap a driver keeps to the vehicle ahead, at least equal to the distance travelled in two seconds in good conditions and increased in rain, darkness or on slippery surfaces.

The total distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver perceives a hazard until it halts, made up of reaction distance plus braking distance and growing with speed.

Loss of tyre contact with the road when water builds up under the tread, causing steering and braking to fail, so the driver should ease off the accelerator and avoid sudden inputs.

The height of the rubber pattern on a tyre, legally at least 1.6 mm in the main grooves for cars, with deeper tread needed for safe grip on wet roads.

The air pressure inside a tyre, checked cold against the manufacturer's figure, since incorrect pressure harms grip, fuel use and tyre life and can cause blowouts.

The amount of alcohol in the blood, expressed in grams per litre or per mille, used as the legal measure of fitness to drive and tested by breath or blood analysis.

A rule under which novice and professional drivers must show no measurable alcohol at all, so any positive breath or blood test results in a sanction.

Operating a vehicle after consuming alcohol, drugs or medicines that impair judgement, reaction time and coordination, which is prohibited and heavily penalised.

A state of reduced alertness from lack of sleep or long driving, causing slower reactions and micro-sleeps, best countered by stopping for a rest rather than by coffee or open windows.

A period away from driving controls that restores alertness, required by working time rules and recommended at least every two hours on long journeys.

A recording device fitted to goods and passenger vehicles that logs driving time, rest, other work and availability, and whose records must be produced for inspection on request.

The total time spent driving between two daily rest periods, normally limited to nine hours and extendable to ten hours twice a week for professional drivers.

The official document identifying a vehicle's owner, technical data and registration number, which must be carried or produced when requested during a roadside check.

A mandatory scheduled examination of a vehicle's brakes, lights, steering, emissions and structure to confirm it remains roadworthy, recorded with a sticker or certificate.

The letter codes on a licence stating which vehicle types the holder may drive, such as cars, light trucks, buses and trailers, each with its own age and test requirements.

The use of straps, nets or restraints to fix cargo so it cannot shift, fall off or alter vehicle stability, with the load covered and marked if it overhangs.

The highest total mass a vehicle may legally have when loaded, set by the manufacturer and the registration, beyond which the vehicle must not be used on public roads.

The share of a vehicle's total weight carried by one axle, which must stay within the manufacturer's and legal limits to keep steering and braking effective.

A routine test of pedal feel, fluid level, warning lights and braking performance, done before driving and at services, since brake faults are a leading cause of serious crashes.

A restraint that holds occupants in place during a collision, mandatory for the driver and all passengers where fitted, and the main reason children need approved child seats.

An approved seat or booster sized to a child's height and weight, required for young passengers and fitted so the belt or harness routes correctly across the body.

The instructions a professional driver gives before departure about seat belts, emergency exits, fire extinguisher location and behaviour, required on buses and coaches.

Dialling the single European emergency number 112 to request ambulance, police or fire service, stating location, casualty count and hazards clearly and staying on the line.

The first step at a crash: stopping safely, switching on hazard lights, warning other traffic and checking for fire or fuel before approaching casualties.

A stable side-lying posture for an unconscious casualty who is breathing, keeping the airway open and allowing fluids to drain while waiting for help.

A smooth driving style using early gear changes, steady speed, anticipation and reduced idling to cut fuel consumption, emissions and wear on the vehicle.

The amount of fuel a vehicle uses over a distance, raised by harsh acceleration, high speed, low tyre pressure, roof loads and unnecessary weight.

Running the engine while stationary, which wastes fuel and releases pollutants, so it should be avoided during waits and switched off where the vehicle is parked.