Bulgaria DZI Italian key terms

The skill of understanding spoken Italian, tested through audio passages such as announcements, dialogues, or interviews followed by comprehension questions.

The ability to grasp the main idea and specific details of a spoken text without needing to understand every single word.

A short public spoken message, for example at a station or airport, giving information about departures, delays, or services.

A listening exercise in which the candidate writes down a spoken text word for word, testing spelling, accents, and punctuation.

Drawing a conclusion from clues in a text rather than from information stated directly, such as guessing a speaker's mood or intention.

A word in a question or text that carries the essential information and helps the reader or listener locate the relevant passage quickly.

The skill of reading Italian texts such as articles, notices, or letters and answering questions about their content and purpose.

Any written passage presented in the exam, ranging from a short notice to a longer article or personal letter.

The heading of a written text, which often signals the topic and helps the reader predict the content before reading in detail.

A distinct block of sentences in a written text, usually developing one idea and separated from other blocks by a line break.

The reason a text was written, such as to inform, persuade, warn, invite, or complain, which readers must identify to answer questions correctly.

The level of formality in language, ranging from informal speech among friends to formal writing in official or business contexts.

Describing language that follows polite conventions, uses the lei form of address, and avoids slang, typical of letters to offices or strangers.

Describing relaxed everyday language used with friends and family, often featuring the tu form, contractions, and colloquial expressions.

The subject or topic that a text or conversation deals with, which candidates must identify to orient their reading or listening.

A verb mood expressing doubt, wishes, opinions, or hypothetical situations, frequently required after expressions like penso che or benché.

A verb mood used for polite requests, hypothetical outcomes, and reported future events, as in vorrei or sarebbe meglio.

The rule that verb tenses in a subordinate clause must match the tense of the main clause, especially in reported speech.

A conditional sentence structure linking a hypothesis and its consequence, appearing in real, possible, or impossible forms.

Reporting what someone said without quoting them directly, which requires shifting pronouns, tenses, and time expressions appropriately.

A word replacing a noun, such as lui, questa, or ne, used to avoid repetition and to refer back to something already mentioned.

A short unstressed word attached to a verb, such as ci or ne, that changes or completes the verb's meaning in context.

A verb used together with a reflexive or particle pronoun, such as andarsene or rendersi conto, whose meaning differs from the base verb.

A short linking word such as di, a, da, or in that connects words and shows relationships of place, time, or possession.

A determiner placed before a noun, definite or indefinite, that agrees in gender and number and may combine with prepositions.

Agreement in gender and number between related words such as articles, adjectives, and nouns, or between subject and verb.

Correct spelling according to Italian conventions, including double consonants, accents, and the distinction between similar letters.

A word with a meaning close to another word, useful for paraphrasing in writing and for matching ideas across texts in reading tasks.

A word expressing the opposite meaning of another, such as facile and difficile, often tested in vocabulary matching exercises.

The surrounding words and situation that help determine the meaning of an unfamiliar expression or the intended tone.

The writing section of the exam, where candidates compose a text such as a letter, email, or short essay on a given prompt.

The prompt or instructions for a writing task, specifying the topic, the audience, the purpose, and the required length.

A first rough version of a written text, drafted to organize ideas before revising language, structure, and accuracy.

The stage of checking a draft for errors in grammar, spelling, word choice, and coherence before producing the final version.

A polite written message to an institution or unknown person, opening with gentile and closing with distinti saluti, using the lei form.

A linking word or phrase such as tuttavia, inoltre, or quindi that joins ideas and makes a written text flow coherently.

The quality of a text whose ideas are logically connected and consistently developed around its central purpose.

Restating an idea or passage in different words, a useful strategy for summarizing source material in writing tasks.