Bulgarian Magistrate Competition Exam study guide
Bulgarian Magistrate Competition Exam · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Bulgarian magistrate competition (конкурс за младши магистрати) is the entry route into the judiciary for law graduates seeking appointment as junior judges, prosecutors or investigating magistrates. Candidates sit the competition organised through the national judicial administration and are ranked before the Supreme Judicial Council decides on appointment to the initial junior position. The Bulgarian Magistrate Competition Exam study guide has 10 sections and about 2,126 words.
01Constitutional Law
Master the hierarchy of norms under the Bulgarian Constitution of 1991: the Constitution, ratified international treaties, statutes (закони), and subordinate acts (постановления, наредби). Know the structure of state power - the National Assembly, the President, the Council of Ministers, and the judiciary - and the separation-of-powers logic behind each competence.
277 words, about 1 min02Civil Law and Civil Procedure
Understand the general part of civil law: legal capacity, natural and legal persons, and the rules on representation. Focus on the general theory of obligations - formation, performance, breach, and remedies - and the limitation periods (five years general, three years for periodic claims).
260 words, about 1 min03Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure
In substantive criminal law, grasp the elements of an offence (обект, обективна страна, субект, субективна страна), the distinction between intent and negligence, and the grounds excluding liability such as self-defence and necessity. Know the rules on complicity, attempt, and the statute of limitations.
222 words, about 1 min04Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure
Study the types of administrative acts (individual, general, normative), their requirements for validity, and the grounds for their annulment. Learn the Administrative Procedure Code: the procedure for issuing acts, the right to be heard, the requirement of reasons, and the appeal routes.
222 words, about 1 min05Commercial and Company Law
Understand the types of commercial companies (collective, limited partnership, limited liability, joint-stock), their formation, capital rules, and governance. Master the rules on commercial transactions, the merchant's obligations, and the Commercial Register's constitutive and declaratory effects.
203 words, about 1 min06Labour and Social Security Law
Study the employment contract: formation, content, amendment, and termination. Know the grounds for dismissal and the procedural guarantees (notice, reasons, prior consent where required).
190 words, under 1 min07Family and Inheritance Law
In family law, understand marriage, its property regime, divorce, and the rights of children, including parental responsibility and maintenance. Know the rules on adoption and guardianship.
195 words, under 1 min08Property and Obligations Law
Study ownership and its protection (rei vindicatio, actio negatoria), possession, and the acquisition of property by contract, prescription, and accession. Learn limited rights such as easements and mortgage.
185 words, under 1 min09Judicial Organisation and the Status of Magistrates
Understand the structure of the judiciary: district, regional, appellate, and supreme courts, plus the administrative courts. Know the role of the Supreme Judicial Council in appointments, promotions, and discipline.
180 words, under 1 min10European Union Law and International Judicial Cooperation
Master the sources of EU law: primary law (Treaties), secondary law (regulations, directives, decisions), and general principles. Understand direct effect, supremacy, and the preliminary reference procedure under Article 267 TFEU.
192 words, under 1 min