Bulgarian Notary Competition Exam key terms

A legal professional authorized by the state to certify documents, authenticate signatures, and perform other official acts with public faith, ensuring legal certainty in private transactions.

A formal document drawn up by a notary in the prescribed form, which has the force of an official public document and provides conclusive evidence of the facts it records.

The act by which a notary confirms the authenticity of a signature, the identity of a person, or the conformity of a copy with an original, without certifying the content's legality.

A legal relationship in which one party (creditor) is entitled to demand a performance from another (debtor), who is bound to carry it out, typically involving payment or transfer of goods.

An agreement between two or more parties that creates, regulates, or terminates a legal relationship, enforceable by law and often requiring notarial form for validity in certain cases.

The absolute legal power a person has over an object, including the rights to use, enjoy, and dispose of it, subject to limitations imposed by law.

The fullest property right, granting the holder the exclusive authority to possess, use, and dispose of a thing, within the bounds of the law.

The legal process by which a deceased person's assets, rights, and obligations are transferred to their heirs, either by will or by statutory rules.

A unilateral declaration by a person specifying how their estate should be distributed after death, often required to be in notarial form to be valid.

A person entitled to receive part or all of a deceased person's estate, either by statutory succession rules or by a valid will.

A public register maintained by the state that records the location, boundaries, and area of real properties, along with their owners and other rights.

An official record of rights over real estate, such as ownership, mortgages, and easements, which provides public notice and legal certainty for transactions.

A security interest in real property granted to a creditor to secure a debt, registered in the property register and enforceable by sale upon default.

The legal process by which a creditor compels a debtor to satisfy an obligation, often through court-ordered seizure and sale of assets.

The body of law governing the conduct of civil lawsuits, including rules on jurisdiction, pleadings, evidence, and the enforcement of judgments.

A formal decision by a court that resolves a dispute and determines the rights and obligations of the parties, often subject to appeal.

A unilateral decision by an administrative authority that creates, modifies, or extinguishes rights or obligations for individuals in a specific case.

The set of rules governing the process by which administrative authorities issue decisions, including rights of participation and access to information.

A legal remedy allowing a person to challenge an administrative act before a higher authority or court, seeking its annulment or modification.

The supreme law of a state that establishes the framework of government, fundamental rights, and the principles by which laws are made and applied.

The principle that all persons and institutions, including the state, are subject to and accountable under the law, which must be publicly promulgated and fairly applied.

The study of the nature, sources, and functions of law, providing foundational concepts for interpreting and applying legal rules.

A criminal act involving the falsification, alteration, or fraudulent use of official or private documents to deceive or harm others.

The crime of creating a false document or altering a genuine one with the intent to deceive, often involving signatures or seals.

The process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money by transferring it through legitimate businesses or transactions to make it appear lawful.

Laws and procedures requiring professionals, including notaries, to identify clients, monitor transactions, and report suspicious activities to prevent money laundering.

The moral principles and standards of conduct that guide the behavior of notaries, including integrity, confidentiality, and avoidance of conflicts of interest.

Monetary compensation awarded to a party for loss or injury caused by another's breach of obligation or wrongful act.

The area of law governing marriage, divorce, parent-child relationships, adoption, and other family matters, often involving notarial acts for agreements.

The body of law regulating business transactions, including the formation and operation of companies, commercial contracts, and insolvency.

An organization or entity recognized by law as having rights and obligations distinct from its members, such as a company or association.

A legal entity formed by individuals or other entities to conduct business, with its own legal personality, capital, and governance structure.

Any official action performed by a notary within their legal authority, including drawing up deeds, certifying signatures, and issuing protest notes.

The legal presumption that documents executed by a notary are authentic and true, unless proven otherwise through established legal procedures.

The official recording of rights and interests in land and buildings in a public register, providing legal certainty and priority for registered interests.

A report filed by a notary or other professional with the authorities when they suspect that a transaction may involve money laundering or terrorist financing.

A situation where a notary's personal or financial interests could improperly influence their professional duties, requiring disclosure or withdrawal.