Bahrain CAA CPL Theory Exam flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

VMC minimum visibility Class C-E

Above 3050 m AMSL: 8 km flight visibility with 1500 m horizontal and 300 m vertical cloud distance. At or below 3050 m: 5 km flight visibility with the same cloud distances.

Squawk 7600 meaning

Radio communication failure. The pilot selects 7600, continues under the last acknowledged clearance or the published lost-communication procedure, and lands at the nearest suitable aerodrome.

Right-of-way converging aircraft

When two aircraft of the same category converge, the aircraft on the right has right-of-way. The other aircraft must give way and avoid passing ahead of or below it.

Magneto drop limits

During the run-up check, switching off one magneto should cause an RPM drop of no more than about 150 RPM, with no more than 50 RPM difference between the two magnetos.

Blocked static port effect

If the static port is blocked, the airspeed indicator reads high in a climb and low in a descent, the altimeter freezes, and the vertical speed indicator shows zero.

Moment and centre of gravity

Moment equals weight multiplied by arm, the distance from the datum. Total moment divided by total weight gives the CG position, which must lie within the certified limits.

Density altitude definition

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. High elevation, high temperature and low pressure raise density altitude and degrade takeoff, climb and landing performance.

Takeoff distance grass factor

Multiply the published takeoff distance by 1.15 for a dry grass runway and 1.3 for a wet grass runway, unless the aircraft flight manual gives specific figures.

Crosswind component formula

Crosswind component equals wind speed multiplied by the sine of the angle between the wind direction and the runway centreline. The headwind component uses the cosine.

Time of useful consciousness 35000 ft

At 35000 ft the time of useful consciousness is about 30 to 60 seconds. At 40000 ft it falls to about 15 to 20 seconds, so oxygen must be available immediately.

Somatogravic illusion

During rapid acceleration, the pilot feels a false sensation of pitching up and may push the nose down. During deceleration the opposite occurs. Trust the instruments.

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide is colourless and odourless and binds haemoglobin far more readily than oxygen. Symptoms include headache and confusion. Treat with 100 percent oxygen and land.

QNH and QFE difference

QNH is the pressure reduced to mean sea level, so the altimeter reads elevation on the ground. QFE is the pressure at the airfield, so the altimeter reads zero on the ground.

Carburettor ice conditions

Carburettor ice can form at ambient temperatures between about minus 7 and plus 20 degrees Celsius when humidity is high, because fuel vaporisation cools the venturi further.

Altimeter high to low

Flying from an area of high pressure to low pressure without resetting the subscale causes the aircraft to be lower than the altimeter indicates, a hazard for terrain clearance.

Great circle versus rhumb line

A great circle is the shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface. A rhumb line crosses every meridian at the same angle and is a constant track.

One in sixty rule

A track error of one nautical mile over a distance of sixty nautical miles equals one degree. Lateral offset equals distance flown multiplied by track error divided by sixty.

Variation and deviation

Variation is the angle between true north and magnetic north at a location. Deviation is the error caused by the aircraft's own magnetic fields, shown on the compass correction card.

Aviate navigate communicate

The priority sequence in an emergency: first maintain aircraft control, then establish navigation and position, and only then transmit a distress call on 121.5 MHz.

MAYDAY versus PAN-PAN

MAYDAY is the distress call for grave and imminent danger requiring immediate assistance. PAN-PAN is the urgency call for a serious situation that does not yet require immediate assistance.

Engine failure after takeoff

Maintain best glide speed, land ahead or within 30 degrees of the runway heading, and do not attempt a turn back below about 500 ft above ground level.

Induced and parasite drag

Induced drag decreases as speed increases and rises with angle of attack. Parasite drag rises with the square of speed. Maximum lift-to-drag ratio occurs where the two are equal.

Load factor in level turn

In a level turn the load factor equals one divided by the cosine of the bank angle. At 60 degrees bank the load factor is 2 and stall speed rises by 41 percent.

Stall angle of attack

A stall occurs when the wing exceeds the critical angle of attack, about 15 to 18 degrees for most aerofoils. It can occur at any speed, weight or bank angle.

Read-back requirements

Pilots must read back runway in use, hold-short and takeoff clearances, altimeter settings, headings, altitudes, transponder codes and frequency changes to confirm correct understanding.

Radio failure in VMC

If radio fails in visual conditions, squawk 7600, continue under VFR, land at the nearest suitable aerodrome and report arrival to ATS as soon as possible.

Position report contents

A position report contains the callsign, position and time, altitude or flight level, the next position and estimated time over it, and the following position.

VOR radial definition

A VOR radial is the magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft, measured from magnetic north. The course deviation indicator shows the selected radial and TO or FROM.

ILS localiser and glide path

The localiser, 108.10 to 111.95 MHz, provides lateral guidance to the runway centreline. The glide path, 329.15 to 335.0 MHz, provides vertical guidance, normally at 3 degrees.

Transponder Mode C

Mode C transmits pressure altitude in response to interrogation. Mode A transmits only the identity code. Mode S adds a unique aircraft address and data-link capability.

DME slant range

DME measures slant range in nautical miles, so it reads higher than the actual ground distance. The error is greatest directly overhead and negligible at long range.