BR-ANAC-AVI flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

QNH

Altimeter setting that makes the instrument read aerodrome elevation above mean sea level when the aircraft is on the ground.

QFE

Altimeter setting that makes the instrument read zero on the aerodrome, so the display shows height above the aerodrome rather than elevation.

V1

Decision speed; the speed at or before which a rejected take-off can still be completed within the runway, and after which the take-off should continue.

VR

Rotation speed, at which the pilot applies back pressure to raise the nose and achieve the take-off attitude during the take-off run.

Critical angle of attack

The angle of attack at which airflow separates from the wing and lift drops; the stall always occurs at this angle regardless of speed or mass.

Induced drag

Drag produced by the generation of lift, proportional to the square of the lift coefficient and inversely proportional to the square of speed.

Load factor

The ratio of lift to weight; it equals one in level flight and increases in turns according to one divided by the cosine of the bank angle.

Density altitude

Pressure altitude corrected for temperature; high values reduce engine power, lift and climb performance and lengthen take-off runs.

Centre of gravity

The point through which the total weight acts, found by dividing the total moment by the total mass and kept within forward and aft limits.

Crosswind component

The portion of the wind acting perpendicular to the runway, calculated as wind speed multiplied by the sine of the angle between wind and runway.

Detonation

Explosive, uncontrolled combustion of the fuel-air mixture that raises cylinder pressure and temperature and can damage the engine.

Pre-ignition

Ignition of the mixture before the spark occurs, usually caused by a hot spot such as a glowing deposit or overheated spark plug.

Constant-speed propeller

A propeller whose blade angle is automatically adjusted by a governor to maintain a selected engine speed as load changes.

Pitot pressure

Total pressure sensed by the forward-facing tube; it feeds the airspeed indicator and also feeds the vertical speed indicator indirectly.

Hypoxia

Insufficient oxygen reaching body tissues, causing euphoria, impaired judgement, headache and cyanosis; time of useful consciousness falls rapidly with altitude.

Hyperventilation

Excessive breathing rate that lowers blood carbon dioxide, producing dizziness, tingling and spasms that can mimic hypoxia.

Somatogravic illusion

A false sensation of pitching up during linear acceleration, often prompting a dangerous nose-down correction after take-off.

Coriolis illusion

A tumbling sensation caused by a head movement during a sustained turn, produced by stimulation of the semicircular canals.

Spatial disorientation

Failure to correctly perceive the aircraft's attitude or motion relative to the earth, usually because visual references are lost in cloud or darkness.

Variation

The angular difference between true north and magnetic north at a location, applied when converting between true and magnetic directions.

Drift

The angle between the aircraft's heading and its actual track over the ground, caused by the wind component across the flight path.

One in sixty rule

A one-degree tracking error produces an off-track distance of one nautical mile after sixty nautical miles of flight.

RAIM

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring, which checks whether enough satellites are available to detect a faulty navigation signal.

MAYDAY

The spoken distress signal, transmitted three times, used when an aircraft is threatened by serious or imminent danger requiring immediate assistance.

PAN-PAN

The spoken urgency signal, transmitted three times, used for a condition concerning safety that does not require immediate distress action.

Squawk 7700

The transponder code selected to indicate a general emergency, alerting air traffic control that the aircraft requires priority assistance.

Read-back requirement

The obligation to repeat runway, hold-short, altitude, heading and frequency instructions to confirm they have been correctly understood.

Class C VMC minima

At and above 10,000 feet: eight kilometres visibility and 1,500 metres horizontal, 300 metres vertical distance from cloud.

Certificate of Airworthiness

The document confirming that an aircraft type and this individual aircraft meet the applicable airworthiness requirements and are safe to fly.

Final reserve fuel

Fuel that must remain at landing, commonly thirty minutes at holding speed at 1,500 feet above the aerodrome in the landing configuration.

Microburst

A localized downdraft producing strong divergent winds at the surface, causing sudden airspeed loss and high sink rate on approach.

Radiation fog

Fog formed when the ground cools by radiation on a clear, calm night and the air above it reaches its dew point.