ANAC DOV Module 2 cheat sheet

ICAO Annex 18 sets the international Standards and Recommended Practices for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air; the associated Technical Instructions (Doc 9284) contain the detailed binding requirements.

ANAC (Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil) implements Annex 18 in Brazil through RBAC 175, which governs the air transport of dangerous goods, including operator and shipper obligations.

The Technical Instructions are revised on a two-year cycle; operators and shippers must apply the edition in force on the date of the flight, not the edition current when the shipment was prepared.

Primary legal responsibility for correct classification, packing, marking, labelling and documentation rests with the shipper; the operator is responsible for acceptance checks and for the safe handling and loading of the consignment.

The operator must hold an appropriate dangerous goods approval or authorisation from its national authority before accepting dangerous goods, and must ensure staff are trained and records retained.

States may grant exemptions (for example for urgent medical need) and approvals (for example for special operations); these must be documented and, where required, notified to other States involved in the flight.

The pilot-in-command must be given written information on dangerous goods carried, including the nature, quantity, location and, for radioactive material, the Transport Index.

Violations of dangerous goods rules are subject to administrative sanctions and, in serious cases, criminal liability; accident and incident notification duties arise independently of commercial considerations.

There are nine classes: 1 explosives, 2 gases, 3 flammable liquids, 4 flammable solids (including spontaneously combustible and water-reactive), 5 oxidisers and organic peroxides, 6 toxic and infectious substances, 7 radioactive material, 8 corrosives, 9 miscellaneous.

Class 2 is divided into divisions 2.1 flammable gases, 2.2 non-flammable non-toxic gases and 2.3 toxic gases; class 4 into 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3; class 5 into 5.1 and 5.2; class 6 into 6.1 and 6.2.

Packing group (PG) I, II or III expresses the degree of danger for certain classes: I is great danger, II medium danger, III minor danger; PG is not assigned to all classes (for example class 2, 6.2, 7 by default).

A substance is assigned to a class by its physicochemical properties and the tests and criteria of the UN Model Regulations; the criteria include flash point, boiling point, toxicity, corrosivity and reactivity.

A flash point at or below 60 degrees Celsius (in a closed cup test) is a criterion for class 3 flammable liquid; the packing group is then determined from flash point and initial boiling point.

Class 1 is divided into six compatibility groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, N, S) and divisions 1.1 to 1.6; the compatibility group governs mixed loading and segregation.

Class 7 radioactive material is classified by the radionuclide, activity, the type of package (excepted, industrial, Type A, B, C) and the resulting category (I-WHITE, II-YELLOW, III-YELLOW).

Articles containing dangerous goods (for example machinery with fuel or batteries) are classified as UN 3363 or under the relevant article entry; lithium batteries are classified under UN 3480, 3481, 3090, 3091 or 3556 depending on configuration.

The Dangerous Goods List (DGL) is the core table of the Technical Instructions; it lists for each UN number the proper shipping name, class, subsidiary risk, packing group, special provisions, packing instructions and quantity limits.

Entries are selected by UN number; the proper shipping name must be used exactly as listed and must not be replaced by a trade name or a generic description.

Columns of the DGL typically include UN number, name and description, class/division, subsidiary risk, PG, labels, special provisions, packing instructions (passenger and cargo aircraft), quantity limits and reference to special provisions for operator variation.

Special provisions (SP) are numbered codes that modify or add to the general requirements for a particular entry; examples include restrictions on passenger aircraft, requirements for shipper's declaration, or conditions for acceptance.

Packing instructions (PI) are numbered codes (for example 3-digit numbers for passenger aircraft, or 4-digit for cargo aircraft) that specify the permitted packagings, their limits and, where relevant, the quantity per package.

The quantity limits in the DGL are the maximum net quantity per package for passenger aircraft and for cargo aircraft; a limit of 'Forbidden' means the substance may not be carried in that configuration.

The DGL is complemented by the alphabetical index of proper shipping names and by the list of UN numbers; the index is used to find the correct entry when only a name is known.

Where a substance is not listed by name, the 'not otherwise specified' (NOS) entry appropriate to its class and hazard is used, together with the technical name in parentheses where required.

Packagings must be of a UN specification type (marked with the UN symbol, packaging code, packing group, year of manufacture and manufacturer) when the packing instruction requires it, and must be used within their design limits.

The UN packaging code identifies the type: for example 1A1 is a non-removable head steel drum, 3H1 a natural wood box, 4G a fibreboard box, 5H1 a woven plastics bag; the code must match the packing instruction.

Combination packagings consist of an inner packaging inside an outer packaging; the inner packaging must be packed so that it cannot break or leak, and cushioning and absorbent material may be required.

Marking requirements include the UN number and proper shipping name, the shipper's and consignee's names and addresses, and, where required, the name and address of the responsible person and the net quantity.

Labels are hazard labels (class/division) and handling labels (for example 'Cargo Aircraft Only', 'This Way Up', 'Keep Away From Heat'); labels must be affixed on at least two opposite sides of the package.

The 'Cargo Aircraft Only' label is required when the quantity exceeds the passenger aircraft limit; the package must then be loaded only on cargo aircraft.

The 'Package Orientation' label (two arrows) is required for combination packagings containing liquids, and the package must be stored and loaded in the orientation shown.

Packaging must be closed and secured so that it cannot leak under normal conditions of transport; absorbent material and inner packaging must be compatible with the contents, and pressure-relief devices must not be obstructed.

The Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods must be completed in duplicate (or more as required), signed by the shipper, and must contain the UN number, proper shipping name, class, subsidiary risk, packing group, quantity, packaging type and the certification statement.

The declaration must state the airport of departure and destination, the shipper and consignee, the number and type of packages, and the nature and quantity of dangerous goods; it must be signed and dated.

The operator's acceptance checklist is a step-by-step verification of the declaration, package, markings, labels, quantity limits and documentation; each item must be checked and the checklist retained.

Acceptance staff must verify that the package is not damaged, that labels and markings are correct and legible, and that the quantity does not exceed the limit for the aircraft type and configuration.

For radioactive material, the acceptance check includes the transport index, the category label, and the radiation level at the package surface and at one metre; the limits are set out in the Technical Instructions.

The NOTOC (Notification to Captain) must be completed and given to the pilot-in-command before departure, listing the dangerous goods, their location on the aircraft and any special handling requirements.

Records of the declaration, acceptance checklist and NOTOC must be retained for the period required by the regulations (commonly three months for the NOTOC and the acceptance checklist, and longer for the declaration).

Where a shipment is found to be non-compliant at acceptance, it must not be loaded; the discrepancy must be recorded and, where required, reported to the competent authority.

Packages must be handled so as to prevent damage, and must be secured against movement during flight; loading must respect the orientation arrows and any 'This Way Up' marking.

Dangerous goods must be segregated from passengers, crew, mail and animals as required; toxic and infectious substances must not be loaded in the same compartment as animals or foodstuffs.

Class 1 explosives must be segregated by compatibility group; certain combinations (for example group A with other groups) are forbidden, and the loading must be recorded on the NOTOC.

Packages bearing the 'Cargo Aircraft Only' label must be loaded only on cargo aircraft and must be accessible or located as specified in the loading instructions.

Dangerous goods must not be loaded in a compartment where they could be damaged by heat, or where they could obstruct emergency equipment or escape routes.

Cargo must be loaded so that it can be inspected and, where required, so that the pilot-in-command can be informed of its location; the NOTOC must reflect the actual loading position.

Where dangerous goods are loaded with other cargo, the loading must ensure that incompatible goods are separated and that the packages are protected from impact and from other cargo.

Loading and unloading of dangerous goods must be supervised by trained personnel, and any damage or leakage discovered during handling must be reported and the affected area isolated.

The operator must have an emergency response plan (ERP) and, where required, an emergency response assistance plan (ERAP) for the dangerous goods it carries, and must provide the pilot-in-command with the relevant emergency response information.

The ICAO Emergency Response Guidance for Aircraft Incidents Involving Dangerous Goods (Doc 9481) provides the drill codes and the actions to take for each class of dangerous goods.

The pilot-in-command must be provided with the emergency response information appropriate to the dangerous goods on board, including the drill code and the actions to be taken.

An incident involving dangerous goods (for example a leak, spill, fire, or damage to a package) must be reported to the operator and, where required, to the competent authority, using the prescribed report form.

The operator must investigate incidents and take corrective action; records of incidents and of the corrective actions must be retained and made available to the authority on request.

Emergency response procedures must include the isolation of the affected area, the use of appropriate protective equipment, and the notification of the appropriate authorities and emergency services.

Where dangerous goods are carried, the operator must ensure that the aircraft is equipped with the appropriate fire-fighting and protective equipment and that crew are trained in its use.

Reporting of dangerous goods incidents must be timely and factual; concealment or delay can aggravate the hazard and may constitute a breach of the regulations.

All personnel involved in the transport of dangerous goods (shippers, packers, acceptance staff, loaders, crew) must be trained in the requirements relevant to their duties before performing those duties.

Training must cover general awareness, function-specific requirements, safety, and, where relevant, the operator's procedures; it must be recurrent and refreshed at intervals set by the regulations (commonly every 24 months).

Training records must be kept for each employee and must include the employee's name, the training received, the date and the name of the trainer or the training organisation.

The operator must maintain a quality assurance programme that includes audits, inspections and corrective action, and must retain records of the programme and its results.

Records of training, acceptance checklists, declarations, NOTOCs and incident reports must be retained for the periods required by the regulations and made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must cover the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically to ensure continued compliance.

Training must be updated when the regulations change (for example with a new edition of the Technical Instructions), and the training programme must reflect the current requirements.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request and are protected against alteration.

Competency-based training and assessment (CBTA) requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance, not only attendance.

The training programme must identify the categories of personnel, the competencies required for each category, and the method of assessment and reassessment.

Records of assessment must show that the employee has demonstrated the required competencies; a certificate or record of training must be issued and retained.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

Quality assurance must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

The training and quality assurance records must be retained for the period specified by the regulations and must be available for inspection by the competent authority.

Training must include the hazards of the dangerous goods handled, the use of protective equipment, and the actions to take in an emergency, in addition to the regulatory requirements.

The operator's quality assurance programme must be documented, and the results of audits and inspections must be reported to management and used to improve procedures.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.

Training must be provided before an employee performs any dangerous goods function, and must be repeated at the interval required by the regulations (commonly 24 months).

Training records must be retained for the period required by the regulations and must be made available to the competent authority on request.

The quality assurance programme must include audits of the acceptance, handling, loading and documentation processes, and must be reviewed periodically.

Records must be legible, identifiable and retrievable, and must be protected against alteration; electronic records are acceptable where they can be produced on request.

The training programme must be updated when the regulations change, and the training must reflect the current edition of the Technical Instructions.

Competency-based training and assessment requires that training be designed around the tasks the employee performs, with defined competencies and assessment of performance.

The operator must ensure that personnel who have not completed the required training do not perform dangerous goods functions, and that refresher training is completed before the due date.

The quality assurance programme must include a process for identifying and correcting non-conformities, and for verifying that corrective actions are effective.