Meteorology
Atmosphere and pressure
Know the standard atmosphere, the relationship between pressure, altitude and density, and how temperature and humidity change density altitude. Understand how altimeters work and the errors produced by setting QNH, QFE or standard pressure incorrectly, plus temperature error (cold-weather "low" altimeter).
Stability, moisture and clouds
Study lapse rates, stability and instability, and the resulting cloud types. Know how convection, orographic lift and fronts produce cloud and precipitation. Learn the formation of cumulonimbus, icing, hail and turbulence, and the cloud types that signal each hazard.
Wind and weather systems
Understand surface friction, veering and backing, wind shear, mountain waves and local breezes. Know the structure of highs, lows, ridges and troughs, frontal systems and their associated weather, and the meaning of METAR, TAF, SIGMET and SPECI reports, including the units and abbreviations used in Argentina.
Traps
A common trap is confusing QNH with QNE: QNH gives elevation on the ground, standard pressure gives flight levels. Another is assuming a cold day means better performance - cold increases performance but corrupts altimeter and terrain clearance. Also watch for questions about icing in stratiform versus cumuliform cloud.
Worked example
METAR shows temperature 20 °C, dewpoint 12 °C. Spread = 8 °C; by the rule of thumb (spread in °C × 400 ft) the convective cloud base is near 3 200 ft AGL.