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BR-ANAC-R-VFRH practice questions

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Question 1Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Under the Brazilian regulation for remotely piloted aircraft, which body is responsible for issuing the operational authorisation and registering RPA operators?

  1. ANAC, the national civil aviation agency Correct answer.
  2. The National Telecommunications Agency
  3. The municipal fire brigade
  4. The Ministry of Defence

Explanation

ANAC is the Brazilian civil aviation authority and administers the rules for civil remotely piloted aircraft, including operator registration and operational authorisation. Other agencies may have related roles, but the aviation safety regulation itself belongs to ANAC.

Question 2Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

For most civil RPA operations in Brazil, the aircraft must be registered with ANAC when its maximum takeoff weight exceeds which value?

  1. 250 grams
  2. 150 kilograms
  3. 25 kilograms Correct answer.
  4. 250 kilograms

Explanation

Brazilian rules generally require registration for RPA above 25 kg maximum takeoff weight, while lighter aircraft fall under simplified regimes. Operators must confirm the current threshold in the applicable regulation before flight.

Question 3Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An RPA weighing 20 kg is flown beyond visual line of sight in Brazilian airspace. Which statement best describes the regulatory situation?

  1. A specific authorisation from ANAC is required before the flight Correct answer.
  2. The flight is automatically permitted above 400 feet
  3. No authorisation is needed because the aircraft is light
  4. Only the local municipality must be informed

Explanation

BVLOS operations fall outside the routine, low-risk framework and require specific authorisation from ANAC, often with an approved risk assessment. Weight alone does not exempt the operator from that requirement.

Question 4Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What is the default maximum height above ground level for routine RPA operations in Brazil unless an authorisation states otherwise?

  1. 400 metres
  2. 120 metres Correct answer.
  3. 500 metres
  4. 60 metres

Explanation

The standard ceiling for routine operations is 120 metres (about 400 feet) above ground level. Flying higher requires specific authorisation and usually coordination with air traffic control.

Question 5Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which distance must an RPA normally keep from people not involved in the operation, unless the operation is authorised under a risk-mitigation framework?

  1. 50 metres horizontally
  2. 5 metres horizontally
  3. 100 metres horizontally
  4. 30 metres horizontally Correct answer.

Explanation

The general rule sets a 30-metre horizontal separation from uninvolved persons during routine operations. Closer operations require an approved risk assessment and additional mitigations.

Question 6Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An operator wants to fly an RPA at night within visual line of sight. What does Brazilian regulation generally require?

  1. Nothing extra, because night flight is unrestricted
  2. A permit from the local police station
  3. Specific authorisation and appropriate lighting or observation means Correct answer.
  4. Only a verbal notice to the neighbour

Explanation

Night operations are not part of the routine daytime framework and require specific authorisation, with measures ensuring the aircraft remains visible or monitored. Additional equipment or observers are typically part of the approved mitigation.

Question 7Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which document must a remote pilot be able to present to an ANAC inspector during an operation?

  1. A property tax receipt
  2. The pilot's licence or certificate and the operational documentation Correct answer.
  3. A medical certificate for the aircraft
  4. The aircraft purchase invoice only

Explanation

The pilot must hold the required licence or certificate for the operation and carry the applicable operational documentation. Inspectors may request these documents during surveillance.

Question 8Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What is the minimum age generally required to obtain a remote pilot licence for RPA operations in Brazil?

  1. 14 years
  2. 16 years
  3. 21 years
  4. 18 years Correct answer.

Explanation

The remote pilot licence is generally available to persons aged 18 or older who meet the medical and training requirements. Age is verified during the licensing process.

Question 9Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which certificate category typically allows commercial RPA operations in Brazil?

  1. A radio amateur licence
  2. The RPA pilot licence with the appropriate class rating Correct answer.
  3. A purely recreational declaration
  4. A student driver permit

Explanation

Commercial operations require the remote pilot licence with the appropriate rating, together with any required operator authorisation. Recreational declarations do not cover remunerated activity.

Question 10Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An RPA operator plans a flight inside controlled airspace near a major airport. What is the correct first step?

  1. Obtain authorisation from the air traffic control provider and coordinate with ANAC as required Correct answer.
  2. Notify the airport's public relations office
  3. Fly immediately below 120 metres without contact
  4. Wait for a NOTAM to be issued automatically

Explanation

Operations in controlled airspace require coordination with the air traffic service provider and, where applicable, authorisation from ANAC. The operator must not enter controlled airspace on the assumption that low altitude makes it safe.

Question 11Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What does the term 'visual line of sight' mean in RPA operations?

  1. The pilot receives telemetry data on a screen
  2. The pilot can hear the aircraft's motors
  3. The pilot can follow the aircraft on a map application
  4. The pilot can see the aircraft continuously without aids other than corrective lenses Correct answer.

Explanation

Visual line of sight means the remote pilot maintains direct unaided visual contact with the aircraft, apart from corrective lenses. Telemetry or map tracking does not satisfy the requirement.

Question 12Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which of the following activities is generally prohibited for an RPA operated under routine rules without special authorisation?

  1. Flying over unpopulated rural land
  2. Training flights in an approved area
  3. Photographing a private farm with the owner's consent
  4. Dropping objects or spraying substances Correct answer.

Explanation

Dropping or dispensing objects and spraying substances are specialised operations that require specific authorisation and additional safety measures. Routine flights may not discharge payloads.

Question 13Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An operator intends to use an RPA to spray agricultural chemicals. Which statement is correct?

  1. Agricultural spraying requires specific authorisation and compliance with additional safety requirements Correct answer.
  2. Any licensed pilot may spray without further approval
  3. Spraying is banned in all Brazilian territory
  4. Only military pilots may conduct spraying

Explanation

Agricultural spraying is a specialised operation subject to specific authorisation and extra safety conditions, including attention to people, property and the environment. A basic pilot licence alone does not permit it.

Question 14Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What is the purpose of the safety risk assessment required for more complex RPA operations?

  1. To identify hazards and define mitigations that keep risk at an acceptable level Correct answer.
  2. To register the aircraft with the tax authority
  3. To replace the need for pilot licensing
  4. To calculate the purchase price of the aircraft

Explanation

A risk assessment identifies hazards specific to the operation and sets out mitigations so that residual risk is acceptable. It supports the authorisation process rather than replacing licensing or registration duties.

Question 15Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

How long must an RPA operator retain flight records and occurrence reports under Brazilian rules?

  1. For 30 days after the flight
  2. Until the next calendar year begins
  3. No records need to be kept
  4. For at least 90 days, or longer when an investigation requires it Correct answer.

Explanation

Operators must keep operational records for a defined retention period, generally at least 90 days, and preserve them longer when an accident or incident investigation requires. Records support oversight and accident investigation.

Question 16Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An RPA suffers a serious incident involving injury to a third party. What must the operator do first?

  1. Publish the details only on social media
  2. Sell the aircraft immediately
  3. Delete the flight logs to avoid liability
  4. Provide assistance and notify the authorities as required, preserving evidence Correct answer.

Explanation

The operator must assist those affected and notify the appropriate authorities, while preserving logs and evidence for investigation. Destroying or discarding evidence is a serious breach of duty.

Question 17Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which airspace classification concept determines whether an RPA may operate without prior coordination?

  1. Whether the airspace is controlled or uncontrolled Correct answer.
  2. The number of batteries carried
  3. The brand of the remote controller
  4. The colour painted on the aircraft

Explanation

The key factor is whether the airspace is controlled, since entry into controlled airspace requires coordination with air traffic services. Aircraft colour, equipment brand and battery count do not affect airspace access rules.

Question 18Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What does an RPA operator need before flying in a temporarily restricted area published by NOTAM?

  1. Compliance with the restriction or a specific authorisation if one is available Correct answer.
  2. Approval from the aircraft manufacturer
  3. A new aircraft registration
  4. Nothing, because NOTAMs are advisory only

Explanation

Temporary restrictions published by NOTAM are binding, so the operator must avoid the area or obtain specific authorisation where the issuing authority allows it. Manufacturers and registration offices play no part in that decision.

Question 19Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which of the following best describes the operator's responsibility regarding privacy and data protection during RPA flights?

  1. Images may be captured freely because the aircraft is airborne
  2. Privacy rules apply only to military aircraft
  3. The operator must respect privacy laws and avoid capturing images of people without a lawful basis Correct answer.
  4. Only the pilot's consent is required

Explanation

Operators must comply with privacy and data protection law and ensure any image capture has a lawful basis. Being airborne does not exempt the operator from those obligations.

Question 20Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What is the effect of an RPA operator's registration with ANAC?

  1. It replaces the need for pilot licensing
  2. It transfers liability to ANAC
  3. It guarantees permission to fly anywhere
  4. It identifies the operator for oversight and accountability Correct answer.

Explanation

Registration identifies the responsible operator and supports oversight and accountability. It does not grant blanket flight permission or remove licensing requirements.

Question 21Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

A pilot holds a valid remote pilot licence but the aircraft's registration has expired. What is the correct course of action?

  1. Fly only at night to avoid detection
  2. Do not fly until the registration is renewed Correct answer.
  3. Fly anyway because the pilot is licensed
  4. Fly only above 120 metres

Explanation

Both pilot licensing and aircraft registration must be valid for the flight to be lawful. An expired registration grounds the aircraft until it is renewed.

Question 22Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which action is required before the first flight of a newly acquired RPA above the registration threshold?

  1. Obtain approval from the local school
  2. Wait one year for automatic registration
  3. Complete the required registration and any applicable authorisation steps Correct answer.
  4. Register only after the first accident

Explanation

The aircraft must be registered and any applicable operational authorisation obtained before flight. Registration is not automatic and does not wait for an accident.

Question 23Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

How does the regulation treat RPA operations conducted for remuneration compared with recreational flights?

  1. Remuneration is prohibited in all cases
  2. Commercial operations face stricter licensing and authorisation requirements Correct answer.
  3. They are treated identically in all respects
  4. Recreational flights require more documentation

Explanation

Operations for remuneration are subject to stricter requirements, including proper licensing and operator authorisation. Recreational flights benefit from simplified conditions but cannot be used for commercial work.

Question 24Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What should a remote pilot do if communication with air traffic control is lost while operating in controlled airspace?

  1. Turn off the transponder
  2. Continue the flight to its planned end
  3. Climb to a higher altitude for better reception
  4. Follow the approved contingency procedure and leave controlled airspace safely Correct answer.

Explanation

Approved operating procedures include contingency actions for loss of communication, typically leaving controlled airspace safely and landing. Continuing the flight or climbing increases conflict risk.

Question 25Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which statement about the remote pilot's duty to maintain situational awareness is correct?

  1. Situational awareness is only needed at night
  2. The pilot must monitor the aircraft and surrounding airspace, using observers when required Correct answer.
  3. Screens and telemetry may fully replace looking outside
  4. Other airspace users are responsible for avoiding the RPA

Explanation

The remote pilot remains responsible for monitoring the aircraft and the surrounding airspace, and may use trained observers where the operation requires. Instrument displays supplement but do not replace that duty.

Question 26Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Under Brazilian regulation, which body is responsible for issuing the civil aviation rules that govern remotely piloted aircraft operations?

  1. ANAC, the national civil aviation agency Correct answer.
  2. The National Telecommunications Agency
  3. The Ministry of Defence through the air force command
  4. The federal environmental protection institute

Explanation

Civil aviation regulation for remotely piloted aircraft in Brazil is issued by ANAC, which publishes the applicable Brazilian Civil Aviation Regulations. The military and other agencies have separate roles such as airspace control or spectrum licensing, but they do not issue the civil airworthiness and operating rules for RPA.

Question 27Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which characteristic most accurately distinguishes a remotely piloted aircraft from a model aircraft under Brazilian rules?

  1. It can only be flown inside reserved military areas
  2. It is operated by a pilot who is physically separated from it and uses a control station Correct answer.
  3. It is always heavier than twenty-five kilograms
  4. It must carry a transponder at all times

Explanation

The defining feature of a remotely piloted aircraft is that the pilot does not occupy the aircraft and controls it from a remote station, whether or not the flight is for recreation. Weight, equipment fit and location are additional regulatory criteria but do not define the category itself.

Question 28Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

A recreational flyer wants to operate a small RPA for personal enjoyment only. Which statement best reflects how Brazilian rules treat this activity compared with commercial operations?

  1. Recreational flights face fewer administrative requirements but still must respect safety and airspace rules Correct answer.
  2. Recreational flights require the same commercial certification as airline operations
  3. Recreational flights are allowed only inside aerodromes
  4. Recreational flights are entirely exempt from any registration or safety obligation

Explanation

Recreational operations benefit from simplified administrative treatment, but the pilot must still comply with safety, airspace and privacy obligations. The reduced burden concerns documentation and certification, not the underlying duty to fly safely.

Question 29Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which item is normally part of the minimum equipment that a remotely piloted aircraft must carry to operate safely beyond a purely local flight?

  1. A means of geolocation and altitude awareness usable by the remote pilot Correct answer.
  2. A cockpit voice recorder
  3. A ballistic parachute for every flight
  4. An onboard weather radar

Explanation

Safe remote operation depends on the pilot knowing the aircraft's position and altitude, so equipment providing geolocation and altitude information is a core requirement. Specialised devices such as parachutes or recorders are tied to specific risk categories rather than being universal.

Question 30Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

A company wants to operate an RPA beyond visual line of sight in a populated area. How should the operator approach the regulatory requirements?

  1. Fly first and submit documentation only if an incident occurs
  2. Rely on the visual line of sight rules because the aircraft is small
  3. Ask the local municipality to issue the flight permit instead of ANAC
  4. Obtain specific authorisation supported by an accepted risk assessment and any required certifications Correct answer.

Explanation

Operations beyond visual line of sight, especially over populated areas, fall outside routine rules and require specific authorisation based on a risk assessment and compliance with the applicable certification requirements. The authorisation comes from the civil aviation authority, not from a municipality.

Question 31Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An operator intends to fly an RPA over a crowd gathered for a public event. What is the correct regulatory position?

  1. It is permitted if the aircraft weighs less than two kilograms
  2. It is always allowed because the event organiser has insurance
  3. It is permitted provided the pilot holds a licence
  4. It generally requires specific authorisation because flying over people raises the risk to third parties Correct answer.

Explanation

Flight over densely assembled people exposes third parties to elevated risk and is therefore not part of routine operations; it needs specific authorisation with appropriate mitigation. Weight below a threshold or possession of a licence alone does not remove that requirement.

Question 32Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What is the primary purpose of the registration marking applied to an RPA above the applicable weight threshold?

  1. To show which pilot is flying the aircraft at a given moment
  2. To link the aircraft to its registered operator for identification and oversight Correct answer.
  3. To certify that the aircraft is airworthy for all operations
  4. To indicate the aircraft's maximum takeoff weight

Explanation

Registration identifies the aircraft and ties it to a registered operator, allowing authorities and the public to trace responsibility. It is an identification mechanism, not a certificate of airworthiness or a record of the current pilot.

Question 33Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

A remote pilot is planning a flight near a private property and the landowner has not given permission. What does Brazilian regulation generally require regarding overflight of private areas?

  1. Overflight is unrestricted because airspace is public
  2. The pilot may fly at any altitude without considering the property
  3. The pilot only needs to notify the municipality
  4. The pilot must obtain the landowner's consent when the operation may affect the property or privacy Correct answer.

Explanation

Although airspace is public, RPA operations that may intrude on private property or privacy generally require the consent of the affected landowner or possessor. This reflects the balance between freedom of flight and protection of property and privacy.

Question 34Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which statement best describes the remote pilot's responsibility for maintaining separation from other aircraft when operating outside controlled airspace?

  1. No separation responsibility exists outside controlled airspace
  2. Separation is the sole responsibility of air traffic control
  3. The pilot must see and avoid other aircraft and remain clear of manned traffic Correct answer.
  4. Separation is guaranteed by the RPA's detect-and-avoid software

Explanation

Outside controlled airspace the remote pilot retains the duty to see and avoid other aircraft and to give way to manned traffic. Automation can assist but does not transfer the responsibility away from the pilot.

Question 35Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An operator wants to conduct a flight at night beyond visual line of sight using a small RPA. Which combination best reflects the regulatory expectation?

  1. No requirement because the aircraft is small
  2. A simple email to the local flying club
  3. Specific authorisation supported by risk mitigation for night and beyond-line-of-sight conditions Correct answer.
  4. Only a valid pilot licence is needed

Explanation

Combining night operations with flight beyond visual line of sight increases risk and places the operation outside routine rules, so specific authorisation with appropriate mitigation is expected. A licence or informal notice does not satisfy that requirement.

Question 36Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

What does the term 'remote pilot station' refer to in RPA operations?

  1. The maintenance hangar used for repairs
  2. The equipment and location from which the remote pilot controls the aircraft Correct answer.
  3. The air traffic control tower serving the flight
  4. The place where the aircraft is manufactured

Explanation

The remote pilot station comprises the equipment and the location from which the aircraft is controlled, including the interfaces used by the pilot. It is distinct from maintenance or manufacturing facilities and from air traffic control units.

Question 37Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An operator discovers that its RPA has a defect that could affect flight safety. What is the most appropriate regulatory response?

  1. Transfer the aircraft to another operator without notification
  2. Continue flying until the next scheduled inspection
  3. Reduce the payload and continue operations
  4. Ground the aircraft and address the defect before further flight, recording the occurrence as required Correct answer.

Explanation

A defect affecting safety makes the aircraft unairworthy for continued operation, so it must be grounded until corrected and the occurrence documented as required. Reducing payload or transferring the aircraft does not resolve the safety issue.

Question 38Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

How should an operator interpret a NOTAM that establishes a temporary restricted area along its planned route?

  1. It must be checked before flight and the operation planned to avoid or obtain clearance for the area Correct answer.
  2. It automatically cancels the aircraft's registration
  3. It is advisory and may be ignored if the flight is short
  4. It applies only to manned aircraft

Explanation

NOTAMs are operational notices that must be consulted during flight planning, and a temporary restricted area must be avoided or entered only with the proper clearance. They are not optional advisories and do not affect registration.

Question 39Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

An operator is planning a flight in airspace where the RPA will be controlled by a remote pilot located in a different city from the aircraft. Which consideration is most relevant to regulatory compliance?

  1. The control link and pilot station must support safe control and situational awareness regardless of location Correct answer.
  2. Only the aircraft's location matters for authorisation
  3. The pilot's physical distance from the aircraft is irrelevant to the control link quality
  4. The pilot must always be within the same municipality as the aircraft

Explanation

Regulatory compliance focuses on whether the remote pilot station and control link allow safe control and adequate situational awareness, wherever the pilot is located. Physical co-location with the aircraft is not itself a requirement.

Question 40Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft

Which statement best captures the relationship between an operator's safety management obligations and the size of its RPA operation?

  1. Safety management is optional for all RPA operators
  2. Safety management obligations apply only to airlines
  3. Larger or more complex operations generally attract more formal safety management requirements Correct answer.
  4. Safety management obligations disappear when the aircraft weighs less than five kilograms

Explanation

The formality and depth of safety management obligations scale with the complexity and risk of the operation, so larger or more complex RPA activities face more structured requirements. Small operations still retain basic safety duties even when formal systems are not mandated.

Question 41General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Under the basic International Civil Aviation Organization classification, a remotely piloted aircraft is which type of aircraft?

  1. A model aircraft flown only for sport
  2. An aircraft that carries no pilot but is fully autonomous
  3. A glider launched without a pilot on board
  4. An unmanned aircraft that is piloted from a remote station Correct answer.

Explanation

ICAO defines a remotely piloted aircraft as an unmanned aircraft that is controlled by a pilot located at a remote pilot station, so a human pilot remains in the control loop. Autonomy, sport model flying, and unmanned gliding are separate categories and do not match the definition.

Question 42General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

In rotorcraft terminology, what does autorotation allow a helicopter to do after engine failure?

  1. Maintain cruise speed without any descent
  2. Climb using stored energy in the tail rotor
  3. Descend and land using airflow through the rotor instead of engine power Correct answer.
  4. Hover indefinitely while the engine is restarted

Explanation

In autorotation the upward flow of air through the rotor drives the blades, letting the helicopter descend under control and make a safe landing. The rotor cannot sustain a hover or a climb without engine power, so only a controlled descent is possible.

Question 43General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

What is the primary purpose of the tail rotor on a conventional single main rotor helicopter?

  1. To cool the engine during hover
  2. To increase forward thrust in cruise
  3. To provide most of the vertical lift
  4. To counteract main rotor torque and control yaw Correct answer.

Explanation

The main rotor turning one way creates an opposite torque reaction on the fuselage. The tail rotor produces sideways thrust to balance that torque and gives the pilot yaw control, especially in hover.

Question 44General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

What does the term beyond visual line of sight mean for remotely piloted aircraft operations?

  1. The aircraft flies higher than 120 metres above ground
  2. The aircraft is operated only at night
  3. The remote pilot uses a second observer at all times
  4. The remote pilot cannot see the aircraft continuously without aids Correct answer.

Explanation

Beyond visual line of sight describes operations in which the remote pilot cannot maintain direct, unaided visual contact with the aircraft. It is distinct from altitude limits, time of day, or the use of observers, which are separate operational considerations.

Question 45General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Which statement best describes the role of a remote pilot station in a remotely piloted aircraft system?

  1. It is the physical airframe of the aircraft itself
  2. It houses the controls and displays used to fly the aircraft Correct answer.
  3. It is the satellite link that carries command signals
  4. It is the maintenance log kept by the operator

Explanation

The remote pilot station is the component containing the equipment the pilot uses to control the aircraft, including controls, displays and communications interfaces. It is separate from the airframe and from the data link, which are distinct parts of the overall system.

Question 46General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

What is translational lift in helicopter flight?

  1. A temporary loss of lift during a steep turn
  2. Extra lift gained as the rotor moves through undisturbed air Correct answer.
  3. The upward force created by the tail rotor
  4. Lift produced only when the helicopter is stationary

Explanation

As the helicopter gains forward speed, the rotor encounters air that has not already been accelerated downward, so it becomes more efficient and total lift increases. This gain is called translational lift and helps explain why hover requires more power than slow forward flight.

Question 47General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

A helicopter is in a hover and the pilot wants to move sideways to the right. Which control input is normally used?

  1. Antitorque pedal input to change heading
  2. Throttle adjustment to change rotor speed
  3. Lateral cyclic movement to tilt the rotor disc Correct answer.
  4. Collective pitch increase to add power

Explanation

Sideways movement in hover is achieved by moving the cyclic laterally, which tilts the rotor disc so thrust has a horizontal component. Collective changes affect power and climb, pedals control yaw, and throttle changes rotor speed, so none of those produce controlled sideways translation.

Question 48General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Why does a helicopter require more power to hover than to fly at moderate forward speed?

  1. The engine runs leaner at higher airspeed
  2. The rotor recycles its own downwash and is less efficient in the hover Correct answer.
  3. Drag increases sharply as speed rises from zero
  4. The tail rotor works harder in forward flight

Explanation

In a hover the rotor operates in air it has already accelerated downward, which reduces efficiency and raises induced power. Once forward speed builds, cleaner air enters the disc and translational lift reduces the power needed.

Question 49General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

What is the main safety concern when a remotely piloted aircraft loses its command and control link?

  1. The aircraft may behave unpredictably unless a fail-safe is programmed Correct answer.
  2. The remote pilot station will shut down automatically
  3. The aircraft automatically gains altitude to regain signal
  4. The aircraft will always land immediately at its launch point

Explanation

Loss of the command link removes pilot control, so programmed fail-safe behaviour such as return-to-home, hover, or landing must be defined in advance. Without such logic the aircraft could fly uncontrolled, which is the central hazard. Automatic shutdown of the station or automatic climb is not a standard guaranteed outcome.

Question 50General Knowledge of Rotorcraft and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems

Why must a remote pilot consider the effects of wind when operating a small multirotor near the limit of its performance?

  1. Wind only affects fixed-wing aircraft
  2. Wind has no effect on multirotors below 25 kilograms
  3. Wind reduces the margin of control authority available for stabilisation Correct answer.
  4. Wind improves endurance by increasing airflow over the motors

Explanation

Wind requires the aircraft to use part of its control authority and power simply to hold position, leaving less margin for manoeuvring or gusts. Strong or gusty conditions can therefore push a small multirotor beyond its ability to maintain the intended flight path.