Air Law and ANAC Regulations for Remotely Piloted Aircraft
The regulatory framework
Brazilian remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations are governed by ANAC regulations that sit alongside the broader Brazilian aviation law framework. A candidate must know the categories of RPA operation, the registration and identification requirements, the remote pilot licence and certificate requirements, and the conditions under which an operation requires prior authorisation from ANAC. Understand who is responsible for the safety of the operation: the remote pilot in command carries ultimate responsibility for the flight, even when a visual observer or other crew member is present.
Concepts to master
Learn the distinction between operations that are always permitted, those that require authorisation, and those that are prohibited. Know the rules on maximum altitude, distance from people and property, operations beyond visual line of sight, night operations, and flights over populated areas or near aerodromes. Understand the notification and coordination duties with air traffic control and with the aerodrome operator. Know the documentation that must be carried or available, and the reporting duties after an accident or incident.
Common traps
Questions often test the difference between a limitation that is absolute and one that may be exceeded with authorisation. Another trap is confusing the role of the remote pilot with that of the operator or owner. Watch for wording about 'visual line of sight' versus 'extended visual line of sight'. Also be careful with age, medical and training prerequisites for the pilot certificate.
Rule of thumb
When a scenario mentions an unusual condition (night, beyond visual range, over people, near an aerodrome), assume authorisation is required unless the regulation explicitly exempts it. Worked example: a flight at 130 m above ground near an aerodrome is not automatically lawful; the altitude limit and the aerodrome proximity rule must both be checked, and coordination with ATC may be needed.