ENADE Fisioterapia key terms

Brazilian public health system created by the 1988 Constitution, organized under the principles of universality, integrality, and social participation, and financed through public funds across federal, state, and municipal levels.

Doctrinal principles (universality, integrality, equity) and organizational guidelines (decentralization, regionalization, hierarchy, participation, resolubility) that structure how Brazilian public health services are planned and delivered.

Fair distribution of health resources and access according to need, recognizing that unequal groups require differentiated treatment to achieve comparable health outcomes and reduce avoidable disparities.

Social, economic, cultural, and environmental conditions in which people are born, grow, live, and work, which shape exposure to risk and the distribution of disease across populations.

Set of intersectoral actions aimed at empowering individuals and communities to increase control over their health determinants, going beyond disease prevention to address living conditions and public policy.

Planned educational process that builds critical awareness and autonomy, enabling people and groups to make informed decisions about their health and to act on the conditions affecting it.

Workplace-based learning strategy that integrates teaching and service, using real practice problems to transform professional routines and strengthen the quality of care within the health system.

Principle requiring that health services address the full range of a person's needs through coordinated, continuous actions across promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, rather than isolated procedures.

Organizational model that arranges services and technologies along a continuous care trajectory for a given health condition, ensuring articulation among primary, specialized, and hospital levels.

First-contact, community-based level of care that coordinates the person's path through the health system, providing longitudinal, accessible, and comprehensive services close to where people live.

Brazilian model for reorganizing primary care around multidisciplinary teams assigned to defined territories, emphasizing longitudinal bonds, home visits, and community-oriented actions rather than episodic care.

Process of mapping and delimiting geographic areas and populations to plan services according to local needs, social conditions, and existing health resources, guiding team assignment and access flows.

Participation of citizens and organized groups in formulating, monitoring, and evaluating health policy through health councils and conferences, ensuring transparency and accountability in public management.

Two-way flow between care levels in which a patient is referred to a more complex service and later returned with information to the original team, ensuring continuity and shared responsibility.

Approach that expands the clinical encounter beyond disease to include the person's context, subjectivity, and social network, supporting shared therapeutic projects among team, user, and family.

Individually constructed care plan negotiated among team, user, and family for complex cases, defining responsibilities, goals, and actions that are periodically reviewed and adjusted.

World Health Organization framework that describes health and disability through body functions, structures, activities, participation, and environmental and personal factors, replacing purely disease-based classification.

Explanatory model that treats health and illness as resulting from interacting biological, psychological, and social factors, guiding assessment and intervention beyond isolated organic impairment.

Composite of a person's body functions and structures, capacity to perform activities, and actual participation in life situations, considered in interaction with environmental and personal contextual factors.

Study of human movement that analyzes the anatomical structures, mechanical principles, and muscular actions involved in producing and controlling motion during functional activities.

Application of mechanics to biological systems, examining forces, torques, levers, and tissue loads that act on the body during rest, movement, and therapeutic exercise.

Therapeutic use of planned, graded movement and exercise to restore or improve mobility, strength, endurance, and motor control, prescribed according to the patient's functional capacity and goals.

Systematic process of collecting history, performing physical and functional examination, and formulating a diagnostic hypothesis that guides prognosis, goals, and selection of physiotherapeutic interventions.

Structured interview that gathers the patient's complaints, history, prior treatments, habits, and social context, forming the initial database for clinical reasoning and physiotherapeutic decision-making.

Hands-on assessment using inspection, palpation, percussion, and specific tests to identify tissue changes, range-of-motion limitations, strength deficits, and signs relevant to the physiotherapy diagnosis.

Cognitive process of integrating assessment data, hypotheses, and evidence to reach decisions about diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention, revised continuously as the patient's condition evolves.

Clinical decision-making approach that combines the best available research evidence, professional expertise, and patient values and preferences to choose the most appropriate intervention.

Statistical technique that pools results from multiple independent studies on the same question, increasing sample size and precision to produce a quantitative summary estimate of effect.

Structured, protocol-driven synthesis of all relevant studies on a focused question, using explicit search, selection, and appraisal criteria to minimize bias and summarize the evidence.

Standardized instrument that scores a person's performance in activities of daily living, mobility, or specific function, allowing comparison over time and measurement of intervention outcomes.

Set of measures designed to reduce injury risk by identifying modifiable factors such as load, technique, conditioning, and environment, then applying targeted training and protective strategies.

Coordinated process that helps a person with impairment or disability achieve optimal functioning and social participation through therapeutic, educational, and environmental interventions.

Field that studies health at the population level, integrating epidemiology, planning, and social sciences to understand disease distribution and organize collective responses to health problems.

Study of the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health-related states in populations, providing measures of occurrence and association that support prevention and health planning.

Quantitative measures such as mortality, morbidity, and coverage rates used to describe population health status, monitor services, and support planning and evaluation of interventions.

Official norms that define the profile of graduates, competencies, and curricular organization for undergraduate programs, guiding the construction of pedagogical projects and evaluation of courses.

Institutional document that states a program's objectives, graduate profile, curriculum structure, teaching methods, and evaluation system, aligning training with national guidelines and local needs.

Integrated set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes mobilized in real practice situations, describing what a graduate should be able to do rather than only what content was studied.

Collaborative practice in which professionals from different areas work together with shared goals, mutual respect, and integrated decision-making to improve care and health outcomes.