Belarus Construction Specialist Attestation flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Construction permit

A document issued by the local executive authority that authorizes construction or reconstruction of an object; it is issued after design and expert review and precedes site works.

Expert review of project

Mandatory assessment of design documentation for compliance with technical normative documents and safety requirements; a positive conclusion is required before a construction permit for regulated objects.

Author's supervision

Designer's control over construction to ensure the works follow the approved design; the designer records deviations, issues instructions, and confirms design changes during construction.

Project of organization of construction

Design-stage document establishing construction duration, staging, site plan, temporary facilities and resource schedules; it is developed by the design organization as part of the project.

Critical path

The longest chain of dependent activities in a schedule network; its length equals the minimum project duration, and any delay on it extends the whole project.

Float of an activity

The amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project; computed as late finish minus early finish, and zero float marks a critical activity.

Project of works execution

Contractor-developed document detailing technology, crews, equipment, safety measures and quality control for specific works; it is based on the project of organization of construction.

Ultimate limit state

A condition in which a structure loses bearing capacity through strength, stability or fatigue failure, or the foundation fails; design must prevent it with partial safety factors.

Serviceability limit state

A condition in which a structure remains safe but its normal use is impaired by excessive deflection, crack opening, vibration or foundation settlement; checked under design loads.

Snow load on roof

Vertical load from snow determined by the snow region, roof shape and exposure, with coefficients for thermal effects and drift; used in combinations with other variable loads.

Concrete cover to reinforcement

Thickness of concrete between the reinforcement surface and the outer face; it protects bars from corrosion and provides fire resistance, and its minimum depends on exposure class.

Concrete strength class

Designation such as C20/25 giving characteristic cylinder and cube compressive strengths in MPa; it governs structural capacity and is verified by testing cubes at specified ages.

Water-cement ratio

Mass ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix; lower values increase strength and reduce permeability, while higher values improve workability but reduce durability.

Incoming inspection of materials

Check of delivered materials and products against certificates, passports and project requirements before use; undocumented or nonconforming materials are rejected and not allowed into works.

Thermal conductivity of insulation

Property expressing heat flow through a material per unit thickness and temperature difference; it determines the insulation thickness needed to achieve the required thermal resistance.

Fire flow in water supply

The additional water flow that an internal or external network must deliver for firefighting, stored or available at the required pressure; it sets pipe and pump capacity.

Hydraulic testing of pipelines

Pressure test of a pipeline or heating system to verify tightness and strength before backfilling or commissioning; results are recorded in an act.

Air exchange rate

The volume of air supplied to or removed from a room per hour, expressed relative to room volume; it is set by room purpose and ensured by natural or mechanical ventilation.

Gas pipeline pressure classes

Categories of gas networks by operating pressure - low, medium and high - which determine pipe material, safety distances from buildings and utilities, and required shutoff devices.

Work at height

Work performed at a height where a fall hazard exists, generally 1.8 m and above; it requires fall protection, trained workers and a permit in defined cases.

Crane danger zone

The area where a load may fall or the crane may move; it is fenced and controlled, and lifting operations require certified operators, slingers and signalmen.

Targeted safety instruction

Instruction given before specific works or after an accident, change of technology or violation; it is recorded in the instruction log with the worker's signature.

Hidden works act

Document certifying that works to be covered by subsequent construction were inspected and conform to the design and norms; covering without the act requires reopening.

Operational quality control

Control performed during each technological operation by the contractor's personnel and engineers, checking compliance with the project and norms before the next stage begins.

As-built survey

Geodetic measurement of completed structures and utilities recording actual plan position and elevations; deviations from design are compared with tolerances and documented.

Estimated cost structure

The composition of construction cost as direct costs plus overhead costs plus planned profit; direct costs include materials, labor and machine operation.

Resource method of pricing

Cost estimation based on actual quantities of resources - materials, labor hours and machine hours - multiplied by current prices, plus overheads and profit.

Fixed contract price

A contract price that is not adjusted for cost changes during construction; it transfers price risk to the contractor and suits complete, well-defined design documentation.

Construction geodetic grid

A system of fixed points on site used to transfer design axes and elevations to the works; points are placed outside the excavation zone and checked for stability.

Setting-out works

Transfer of design plan position and elevations to the site using the geodetic control network, instruments and leveling, followed by as-built verification of accuracy.

Fire resistance rating

The time in minutes during which a structure retains load-bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation under fire exposure; it defines the required fire-resistance degree of the building.

Fire compartment

A part of a building separated by fire barriers with a set fire-resistance rating, limiting fire and smoke spread and permitting a maximum floor area by fire-safety norms.