ЦТ Biology study plan
ЦТ Biology · Give each week a clear focus.
8 weeks · About 6 hours per week
Cytology: chemical composition of the cell, cell structure and functions of organelles & Fundamentals of genetics: laws of heredity, variability, genetics of sex, selection
Describe the structure and function of each major organelle (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, membrane) with a labeled diagram from memory
Compare the chemical composition of cells (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, water, minerals) and explain the role of each class
State and apply Mendel's first and second laws to solve monohybrid and dihybrid cross problems with full Punnett squares
Distinguish between complete, incomplete, and codominance, and solve problems involving multiple alleles (ABO blood groups)
Your checkpoint
A handwritten cheat sheet (max 2 pages) summarizing organelle functions and Mendelian ratios, plus 20 solved genetics problems with answers
Fundamentals of genetics: laws of heredity, variability, genetics of sex, selection & Molecular biology and genetic engineering: nucleic acids, gene expression, biotechnology
Explain the chromosomal basis of inheritance, including linked genes, crossing over, and sex-linked inheritance (color blindness, hemophilia)
Solve problems on sex determination and inheritance of sex-linked traits in humans and Drosophila
Describe the structure of DNA and RNA, and explain replication, transcription, and translation step by step
Outline the central dogma and the role of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis
Explain the principles of genetic engineering (restriction enzymes, vectors, PCR, gel electrophoresis) and give one example of a biotechnology application
Your checkpoint
A concept map linking DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, and mutation, with 10 practice problems on sex-linked inheritance and molecular biology
Metabolism and energy conversion in the cell (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, energy metabolism, biosynthesis) & Reproduction and individual development of organisms (mitosis, meiosis, gametogenesis, ontogenesis)
Compare photosynthesis and chemosynthesis: light and dark reactions, pigments, and the role of ATP and NADPH
Describe the stages of aerobic and anaerobic respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, fermentation) and calculate ATP yield
Explain biosynthesis (protein synthesis, photosynthesis) and the role of enzymes in metabolic regulation
Outline the phases of mitosis and meiosis, and compare their outcomes and significance
Describe gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis) and the stages of ontogenesis (embryonic and postembryonic development)
Your checkpoint
A comparative table of mitosis vs. meiosis and a flowchart of energy metabolism (glycolysis → Krebs → ETC) with ATP yields, plus 15 multiple-choice questions self-answered
Botany: bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, higher plants - structure, life cycles, taxonomy & Zoology: invertebrate and vertebrate animals - structure, physiology, taxonomy, ecology
Classify bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, and higher plants according to their key structural and reproductive features
Describe the life cycles of mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, and identify the dominant generation in each
Identify the main organ systems of invertebrates (sponges, cnidarians, worms, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms) and vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)
Explain the physiological adaptations of vertebrates to their environments (respiratory, circulatory, excretory systems)
Your checkpoint
A phylogenetic tree or classification chart of plants and animals, with 20 flashcards covering life cycles and key taxonomic features
Human anatomy and physiology: organ systems, homeostasis, higher nervous activity, hygiene
Describe the structure and function of each human organ system (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, reproductive)
Explain the mechanisms of homeostasis (thermoregulation, blood glucose regulation, water balance) and the role of the nervous and endocrine systems
Outline the structure and function of the nervous system, including reflex arcs, synapse transmission, and the divisions of the brain
Explain higher nervous activity (conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, memory, sleep) and basic hygiene principles
Your checkpoint
A one-page summary sheet of each organ system with key functions and a diagram of a reflex arc, plus 25 practice questions on human physiology
General biology: evolution, ecology, biogeocenology, biosphere and human impact & Biology as a science: methods of biological research, levels of organization of living matter
Summarize the main evolutionary theories (Darwin, synthetic theory) and the evidence for evolution (fossils, homology, embryology, molecular data)
Explain the mechanisms of evolution (mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection) and speciation
Describe the structure and function of ecosystems (food chains, trophic levels, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles) and the concept of biogeocenosis
Outline the biosphere and the impact of human activity (pollution, deforestation, climate change) on ecosystems
Describe the methods of biological research (observation, experiment, modeling, microscopy) and the levels of organization of living matter
Your checkpoint
A written essay (300–400 words) on human impact on the biosphere, and a table comparing the levels of organization of living matter with examples
Cytology: chemical composition of the cell, cell structure and functions of organelles & Metabolism and energy conversion in the cell (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, energy metabolism, biosynthesis) & Reproduction and individual development of organisms (mitosis, meiosis, gametogenesis, ontogenesis) & Fundamentals of genetics: laws of heredity, variability, genetics of sex, selection & Molecular biology and genetic engineering: nucleic acids, gene expression, biotechnology
Review and consolidate cytology, metabolism, reproduction, genetics, and molecular biology through targeted practice questions
Identify and correct personal weak areas by reviewing incorrect answers from previous weeks
Solve a full-length practice test section covering domains 2–6 under timed conditions
Your checkpoint
A log of 30 missed questions with corrected answers and brief explanations, plus a score report from a timed 50-question practice test
Botany: bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, higher plants - structure, life cycles, taxonomy & Zoology: invertebrate and vertebrate animals - structure, physiology, taxonomy, ecology & Human anatomy and physiology: organ systems, homeostasis, higher nervous activity, hygiene & General biology: evolution, ecology, biogeocenology, biosphere and human impact & Biology as a science: methods of biological research, levels of organization of living matter
Review botany, zoology, human anatomy and physiology, general biology, and the scientific method through targeted practice questions
Complete two full-length practice tests simulating exam conditions (timed, no notes)
Analyze test results to identify remaining gaps and create a final one-page summary of key facts for each domain
Your checkpoint
Two completed practice tests with scores, a final one-page summary sheet per domain, and a personal list of top 10 facts to review on exam day
Milestones
Week 2: Score at least 70% on a self-made 20-question quiz covering cell structure and Mendelian genetics, and correctly solve 8 out of 10 dihybrid cross problems.
Week 4: Explain the life cycle of a moss and a fern without notes, and correctly classify 15 out of 20 organisms into their taxonomic groups.
Week 6: Describe the pathway of a nerve impulse from receptor to effector and identify the main organs in each human organ system with 90% accuracy.
Week 8: Achieve a score of at least 75% on two full-length practice tests and reduce the number of missed questions from week 7 by half.