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Belarus Tax Consultant Qualification Examination study materials
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Belarus Tax Consultant Qualification Examination practice questions

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Question 1Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which body is empowered to adopt, amend and officially interpret the Tax Code of the Republic of Belarus?

  1. The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus Correct answer.
  2. The Constitutional Court
  3. The Council of Ministers
  4. The Ministry of Taxes and Duties

Explanation

Under the Constitution and the Law on Normative Legal Acts, the parliament (National Assembly) adopts legislative acts including the Tax Code. The Ministry of Taxes and Duties and the Council of Ministers may issue subordinate normative acts within their competence but cannot adopt or interpret the Code itself.

Question 2Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A taxpayer disagrees with a decision of a district tax inspectorate. To which body should the initial complaint (appeal) normally be filed?

  1. To the higher tax authority (the regional or Minsk city inspectorate) Correct answer.
  2. To the Prosecutor's Office
  3. Directly to the court of general jurisdiction
  4. To the Ministry of Justice

Explanation

Belarusian tax legislation provides for an administrative (out-of-court) appeal to the superior tax authority before, or as an alternative to, judicial appeal. The higher inspectorate reviews the decision of the subordinate inspectorate. Courts and other bodies are not the first instance for administrative tax appeals.

Question 3Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

What is the general limitation period (prescription period) within which a tax authority may assess additional tax liabilities?

  1. One year
  2. Ten years
  3. Five years
  4. Three years Correct answer.

Explanation

The Tax Code establishes a general three-year period from the end of the tax period in which the tax should have been paid for the tax authority to assess additional liabilities. Special longer periods apply in defined situations, but the baseline rule is three years.

Question 4Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which of the following is a defining feature of a tax as distinguished from a fee (levy)?

  1. It is an individually gratuitous payment established by legislation and levied to fund state activities Correct answer.
  2. It is always calculated as a fixed amount per unit
  3. It is refundable on request at any time
  4. It is paid only by legal entities

Explanation

A tax is defined in the Tax Code as a mandatory, individually gratuitous payment levied from organisations and individuals in the form of alienation of funds for the financial support of state activity. Gratuitousness and legislative establishment are the key distinguishing features.

Question 5Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Under the Tax Code, who bears the obligation to pay a tax when the law designates a tax agent?

  1. The bank servicing the taxpayer's account
  2. The local executive committee
  3. The taxpayer alone, who must remit directly to the budget
  4. The tax agent, who withholds and remits the tax on behalf of the taxpayer Correct answer.

Explanation

A tax agent is a person obliged by the Tax Code to calculate, withhold from the taxpayer and remit the tax to the budget. The agent performs this duty in respect of amounts payable to the taxpayer.

Question 6Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which principle requires that all taxpayers be treated equally and that taxes not be discriminatory based on the form of ownership?

  1. Principle of retroactivity
  2. Principle of fiscal federalism
  3. Principle of presumption of good faith
  4. Principle of equality of taxation Correct answer.

Explanation

The principle of equality of taxation requires equal treatment of taxpayers in comparable situations and prohibits discrimination based on ownership form or other irrelevant characteristics. It is one of the foundational principles set out in the Tax Code.

Question 7Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A foreign organisation without a place of business in Belarus derives income from a Belarusian source that is subject to withholding tax. Who must withhold and remit the tax?

  1. The Belarusian payer of the income, acting as tax agent Correct answer.
  2. The diplomatic mission of the foreign state
  3. The foreign organisation itself
  4. The National Bank

Explanation

For income of a foreign organisation not operating through a permanent establishment, the Belarusian source payer is the tax agent obliged to withhold tax at the source and remit it to the budget. This ensures collection without a local presence.

Question 8Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A normative legal act on taxes is officially published on 20 March and enters into force. When may it generally take effect if it worsens the position of taxpayers?

  1. Retroactively from the start of the calendar year
  2. Immediately upon signature by the President
  3. On the day of publication
  4. No earlier than the first day of the tax period following its entry into force, with a statutory notice period Correct answer.

Explanation

Tax legislation that introduces new taxes, increases rates or otherwise worsens the position of taxpayers generally enters into force no earlier than the first day of the next tax period, and only after official publication and the required notice period. Retroactive worsening is prohibited.

Question 9Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which of the following best describes a permanent establishment of a foreign organisation for Belarusian tax purposes?

  1. Ownership of shares in a Belarusian company
  2. A bank account opened with a Belarusian bank
  3. Any single transaction concluded with a Belarusian counterparty
  4. A fixed place of business through which the foreign organisation carries on business in Belarus Correct answer.

Explanation

A permanent establishment is generally a fixed place of business through which a foreign organisation conducts business in Belarus, such as a branch, office, or construction site of sufficient duration. Mere shareholding or a bank account does not create one.

Question 10Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A taxpayer discovers an error in a previously filed return that understated tax. What is the general obligation under the Tax Code?

  1. Wait for the tax authority to detect the error
  2. File a complaint against the tax authority
  3. Nothing, because the return was already accepted
  4. Submit an amended return and pay the additional tax and applicable penalties Correct answer.

Explanation

When a taxpayer identifies an understatement, the taxpayer must file an amended return reflecting the correct figures and pay the additional tax, together with any applicable penalties and interest for late payment. This corrects the tax obligation.

Question 11Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which document is the primary basis on which a Belarusian tax consultant may rely when advising on a client's obligation to register with the tax authority?

  1. The Tax Code provisions on registration and the resolutions of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties Correct answer.
  2. General accounting standards
  3. Commercial custom in the client's industry
  4. Only oral guidance from an inspector

Explanation

Tax advice must be grounded in the Tax Code and the subordinate normative acts issued by the Ministry of Taxes and Duties. These establish the registration duties, deadlines and consequences. Informal guidance and custom lack normative authority.

Question 12Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

What is the standard period within which a tax authority must conduct a desk audit (cameral check) of a filed return?

  1. No time limit exists
  2. Six months from filing
  3. Thirty calendar days from filing, extendable in defined cases Correct answer.
  4. Ten working days from filing

Explanation

The Tax Code sets a general period for a desk audit of a filed return, typically thirty calendar days from receipt, with possible extension in specified circumstances. This provides certainty for taxpayers while permitting review.

Question 13Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A taxpayer receives an unjustified tax benefit through a transaction with a counterparty that lacks the substance to perform it. How does Belarusian tax law generally treat such a benefit?

  1. It is resolved solely by the counterparty
  2. It is fully protected because the contract is signed
  3. It is automatically criminalised in all cases
  4. It may be denied because the benefit is not justified by the actual business purpose and substance of the transaction Correct answer.

Explanation

Belarusian practice, reflected in legislation and in the resolutions of the higher courts, allows denial of a tax benefit where the transaction lacks real business purpose or the counterparty lacks capacity to perform. Substance over form governs the assessment.

Question 14Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which of the following statements about the confidentiality of taxpayer information held by tax authorities is correct?

  1. Only the taxpayer's name is protected
  2. Taxpayer data is public information by default
  3. Tax authorities may disclose any taxpayer data on request without restrictions
  4. Tax authorities must keep taxpayer information confidential, with limited statutory exceptions Correct answer.

Explanation

The Tax Code imposes a duty of confidentiality on tax authorities regarding information obtained about taxpayers, subject to limited statutory exceptions such as disclosure required by law or with the taxpayer's consent. Unauthorised disclosure is prohibited.

Question 15Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A tax consultant is asked to represent a client during an on-site tax audit. What is the general rule regarding representation?

  1. Only the taxpayer personally may participate
  2. Representation is prohibited during audits
  3. A representative acting under a properly executed power of attorney may represent the taxpayer Correct answer.
  4. Only a lawyer may represent the taxpayer

Explanation

The Tax Code permits a taxpayer to act through a representative authorised by a power of attorney or other document confirming authority. The representative may participate in audits and dealings with the tax authority on the taxpayer's behalf.

Question 16Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the Tax Code and international tax treaties concluded by Belarus?

  1. The Tax Code always prevails over treaties
  2. Treaties have no effect on domestic tax obligations
  3. Treaties apply only to individuals
  4. Where a treaty provides otherwise, the rules of the international treaty apply Correct answer.

Explanation

Belarus follows the rule that where an international treaty to which it is a party establishes rules different from those in domestic tax legislation, the treaty rules prevail. This is consistent with the supremacy of ratified treaties over conflicting domestic norms.

Question 17Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

What is the consequence for a taxpayer who fails to submit a tax return by the statutory deadline without a lawful excuse?

  1. No consequence if the tax is eventually paid
  2. Automatic criminal prosecution
  3. Loss of the right to conduct business permanently
  4. Administrative liability and possible penalties under the Tax Code Correct answer.

Explanation

Late filing without lawful excuse triggers administrative liability and tax sanctions under the Tax Code, in addition to any interest on late payment. The sanctions are graduated and do not automatically escalate to criminal liability.

Question 18Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which of the following is a correct statement about the burden of proof in a tax dispute?

  1. The court bears the burden of proof
  2. The tax authority must substantiate the facts and grounds on which its decision is based Correct answer.
  3. The taxpayer must always prove the absence of a violation
  4. No party bears a burden of proof in tax cases

Explanation

In tax disputes the tax authority bears the burden of substantiating the facts and legal grounds supporting its assessment or decision. The taxpayer may rebut with evidence, but the initial burden lies with the authority.

Question 19Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

A regional tax inspectorate issues a decision. The taxpayer wishes to challenge it in court. Which court generally hears such a dispute in Belarus?

  1. An arbitration tribunal established by the tax authority
  2. The economic court (or a court of general jurisdiction, depending on the taxpayer) Correct answer.
  3. The Constitutional Court
  4. The Supreme Court in first instance

Explanation

Challenges to tax authority decisions are generally heard by the economic courts for organisations and individual entrepreneurs, and by courts of general jurisdiction for individuals, depending on the subject. The Constitutional Court does not hear individual tax disputes.

Question 20Tax law fundamentals and the legal framework of tax consulting in Belarus

Which of the following best describes the role of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties in the tax system of Belarus?

  1. It adopts the Tax Code
  2. It sets the official exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble
  3. It hears final appeals as a court of last resort
  4. It administers taxes, issues explanatory clarifications and supervises subordinate inspectorates Correct answer.

Explanation

The Ministry of Taxes and Duties is the central tax administration body: it organises collection, issues clarifications and methodological guidance, and supervises regional and local inspectorates. It does not adopt the Tax Code or act as a court.

Question 21Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which tax period is established for the Belarusian corporate profit tax?

  1. Calendar quarter
  2. Twelve-month period beginning on the date of state registration
  3. Calendar year Correct answer.
  4. Calendar month

Explanation

Under the Tax Code of Belarus the profit tax period is the calendar year, with reporting periods set within it. Taxpayers compute the tax base on an accrual basis over that year.

Question 22Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

What is the standard rate of the corporate profit tax in Belarus?

  1. 20 percent Correct answer.
  2. 10 percent
  3. 18 percent
  4. 25 percent

Explanation

The general profit tax rate under the Tax Code is 20 percent of taxable profit. Preferential rates apply to specific activities, but the basic rate remains 20 percent.

Question 23Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which of the following is recognised as a VAT payer in Belarus?

  1. A diplomatic mission accredited in Belarus
  2. An organization applying the simplified taxation system Correct answer.
  3. An individual without entrepreneurial status selling a used car once
  4. An organization whose revenue stayed below the registration threshold all year

Explanation

Organizations and individual entrepreneurs applying the simplified system are still VAT payers when they import goods or in other cases specified by the Tax Code. The simplified system does not automatically remove VAT obligations.

Question 24Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

What is the standard VAT rate applied to most taxable supplies in Belarus?

  1. 18 percent
  2. 0 percent
  3. 20 percent Correct answer.
  4. 10 percent

Explanation

The standard VAT rate under the Tax Code is 20 percent. Reduced rates of 10 percent and 0 percent apply only to the transactions expressly listed.

Question 25Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which goods are subject to excise duty in Belarus?

  1. Alcoholic beverages Correct answer.
  2. Children's clothing
  3. Medicines
  4. Bread and bakery products

Explanation

Excise duty is imposed on a defined list of goods including alcohol, tobacco, and petroleum products. Food staples, medicines, and children's goods are not excisable.

Question 26Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Who is recognised as a payer of the real estate tax on organizations?

  1. Only foreign organizations with representative offices
  2. Only organizations owning land plots
  3. Only organizations leasing state property
  4. Organizations owning or possessing buildings and structures on the territory of Belarus Correct answer.

Explanation

Real estate tax is levied on organizations that own or otherwise possess buildings and structures recognised as taxable objects. Land plots are subject to a separate land tax.

Question 27Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which authority administers the land tax in Belarus?

  1. The local executive committee at the location of the land plot Correct answer.
  2. The tax inspectorate at the place of registration of the organization
  3. The Ministry of Finance directly
  4. The Customs Committee

Explanation

Land tax is a local tax, and the local executive committees at the location of the land plot administer its assessment and collection. Tax inspectorates handle other taxes.

Question 28Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

What is the object of the environmental tax in Belarus?

  1. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources Correct answer.
  2. Value of exported goods
  3. Profit from the sale of environmentally friendly products
  4. Income of employees working in protected areas

Explanation

The environmental tax is imposed on emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, discharges into water, and storage or disposal of production waste. It targets environmentally harmful activity, not sales or income.

Question 29Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization received an advance payment from a buyer for goods to be shipped later. How is this advance treated for VAT purposes?

  1. VAT is charged at 0 percent on the advance
  2. VAT is charged only if the buyer is a foreign entity
  3. No VAT arises until the goods are shipped
  4. VAT is charged on the advance at the settlement rate Correct answer.

Explanation

Under the Tax Code advances received for future supplies of goods are included in the VAT base at the time of receipt. The taxpayer may deduct VAT on the advance after the supply occurs.

Question 30Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization exported goods and confirmed the export with the required documents within the statutory period. What VAT rate applies to the export?

  1. 10 percent
  2. The rate is set by the buyer's country
  3. 20 percent
  4. 0 percent Correct answer.

Explanation

Exports of goods are taxed at the 0 percent VAT rate provided the export is documented as required by the Tax Code. If documentation is not confirmed in time, the standard rate applies.

Question 31Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

A Belarusian organization purchased consulting services from a foreign company without a permanent establishment in Belarus. Who must account for VAT?

  1. No VAT applies to imported services
  2. The foreign supplier's bank withholds VAT
  3. The Belarusian buyer acts as tax agent and withholds VAT Correct answer.
  4. The foreign supplier registers and pays VAT

Explanation

When services are supplied by a foreign entity not registered in Belarus, the Belarusian purchaser becomes the tax agent and must compute and remit VAT on the imported services.

Question 32Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization incurred expenses on advertising that exceeded the statutory limit. How are the excess amounts treated for profit tax?

  1. Deductible only up to the norm; excess is not deductible Correct answer.
  2. Deductible only if the buyer agrees
  3. Deductible in double amount
  4. Fully deductible in the current period

Explanation

Advertising and certain other expenses are deductible for profit tax only within the norms set by the Tax Code. Amounts above the norm do not reduce taxable profit.

Question 33Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization acquired a fixed asset and uses it in VAT-taxable activity. How is input VAT on the asset handled?

  1. Not recoverable in any case
  2. Deducted only after five years
  3. Included in the cost of the asset
  4. Deducted in full if the asset is used in taxable activity Correct answer.

Explanation

Input VAT on goods and assets used in VAT-taxable activity is deductible, subject to the conditions in the Tax Code. If the asset is used in exempt activity, different rules apply.

Question 34Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization owns a building and leases it to another company. Who pays real estate tax on that building?

  1. The tenant, because it uses the building
  2. Neither party, because leasing is exempt
  3. The local executive committee
  4. The owner, as the entity possessing the taxable object Correct answer.

Explanation

Real estate tax is imposed on the entity that owns or otherwise possesses the building. Leasing the property does not shift the tax obligation to the tenant unless the law provides otherwise.

Question 35Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

How is the land tax base determined for an organization holding a land plot on the right of permanent use?

  1. Based on the organization's annual revenue
  2. Based on the book value of buildings on the plot
  3. Based on the number of employees
  4. Based on the cadastral value of the plot Correct answer.

Explanation

Land tax is calculated from the cadastral value of the land plot as determined by the state land cadastre. Rates are applied to that value.

Question 36Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization emits pollutants within the established emission limits. How does this affect the environmental tax rate?

  1. The rate is doubled
  2. The base rate applies within limits, with increased rates for exceedances Correct answer.
  3. No tax is due within limits
  4. The rate is set by the organization

Explanation

The environmental tax uses base rates for emissions within established limits, while emissions above the limits are taxed at increased rates. This structure encourages compliance with permits.

Question 37Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization pays excise duty on produced alcoholic beverages. What is the typical basis for calculating excise on such goods?

  1. The volume or quantity of goods produced, expressed in physical units Correct answer.
  2. The number of employees
  3. The value of exported services
  4. The organization's profit margin

Explanation

Excise duty on alcohol and similar goods is generally calculated using specific rates applied to the physical volume produced. Ad valorem elements apply only where the law specifies.

Question 38Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization made a gratuitous transfer of goods to an unrelated party. How is this treated for VAT?

  1. VAT applies only if the recipient is a VAT payer
  2. The transfer is treated as a taxable supply and VAT is charged on market value Correct answer.
  3. VAT applies at 0 percent
  4. No VAT because no payment was received

Explanation

A gratuitous transfer of goods is treated as a supply for VAT purposes, and the tax base is the market value of the goods transferred. The absence of consideration does not remove the VAT obligation.

Question 39Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

A foreign organization without a permanent establishment in Belarus sells goods to a Belarusian buyer, with the goods located in Belarus at the time of sale. Where is the place of supply for VAT?

  1. The country of the buyer's bank
  2. Belarus, because the goods are located there Correct answer.
  3. The country of the seller's registration
  4. No place of supply arises

Explanation

For goods, the place of supply is the territory where the goods are located at the time of supply. If the goods are in Belarus, the supply is subject to Belarusian VAT.

Question 40Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization applies the simplified taxation system and also imports goods into Belarus. What is its VAT position on the import?

  1. VAT on import is payable in the usual manner Correct answer.
  2. No VAT because it uses the simplified system
  3. VAT is replaced by the simplified tax
  4. VAT applies at a special 5 percent rate

Explanation

The simplified system does not exempt an importer from VAT on goods imported into Belarus. VAT on imports is paid under the general rules regardless of the simplified regime.

Question 41Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization received a subsidy from the state budget to cover part of its operating expenses. How does this affect the profit tax base?

  1. Budget subsidies are taxed at 0 percent
  2. Budget subsidies are always excluded from taxable income
  3. Budget subsidies are included in income unless the law provides an exemption Correct answer.
  4. Budget subsidies reduce the tax rate

Explanation

Budget subsidies received are generally included in the taxpayer's income for profit tax, unless a specific exemption applies under the Tax Code. The nature and purpose of the subsidy determine any exclusion.

Question 42Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization has a loss carried forward from the previous year. How is it treated for profit tax?

  1. Losses may be carried forward to offset future profits within the period set by the Tax Code Correct answer.
  2. Losses are ignored entirely
  3. Losses may be transferred to another taxpayer
  4. Losses are refunded in cash by the budget

Explanation

A taxpayer may carry losses forward to reduce taxable profit in subsequent periods within the limits and period established by the Tax Code. Carrying losses back for a refund is not the general rule.

Question 43Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which of the following best describes the treatment of VAT on goods purchased for use in VAT-exempt activity?

  1. Included in the cost of the goods Correct answer.
  2. Deducted in full
  3. Deducted at 50 percent
  4. Refunded from the budget

Explanation

Input VAT on goods used in VAT-exempt activity is not deductible and is included in the cost of those goods. Deduction is reserved for goods used in taxable activity.

Question 44Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which body sets the base rates of the environmental tax in Belarus?

  1. The Customs Committee
  2. The republican government through legislation Correct answer.
  3. The taxpayer independently
  4. The local executive committee for each organization

Explanation

Environmental tax rates are established by law at the republican level. Local authorities do not set them individually for each organization.

Question 45Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization sells goods to a buyer and grants a discount after shipment, reducing the price. How does this affect VAT already charged?

  1. No adjustment is possible
  2. The VAT base is adjusted and the difference is corrected in the relevant period Correct answer.
  3. VAT is recalculated at 0 percent
  4. The discount is treated as a new taxable supply

Explanation

When the price is reduced by a discount after shipment, the VAT base is adjusted accordingly and the taxpayer corrects the VAT for the relevant period in line with the Tax Code. The discount is not a separate supply.

Question 46Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization registered in Belarus pays VAT at the standard rate on domestic sales. Which rate applies unless a reduced or zero rate is specifically provided?

  1. 18%
  2. 10%
  3. 20% Correct answer.
  4. 0%

Explanation

Under the Belarusian Tax Code, the standard VAT rate is 20%. Reduced rates (such as 10% for certain goods) and the zero rate apply only where expressly established.

Question 47Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

For profit tax purposes, an organization may carry forward a loss from previous years. What is the maximum number of years over which a loss may be carried forward?

  1. 3 years
  2. 10 years Correct answer.
  3. Indefinitely
  4. 5 years

Explanation

Belarusian profit tax rules allow a loss to be carried forward for up to 10 years, subject to the annual limitation on the amount offset against taxable profit.

Question 48Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

Which of the following is the basic rate of the environmental tax for emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air from stationary sources?

  1. A rate based on the number of employees
  2. A percentage of the organization's profit
  3. A flat rate per cubic metre of emitted gas
  4. A rate set per tonne of pollutant, differentiated by pollutant class Correct answer.

Explanation

The environmental tax on atmospheric emissions is levied per tonne of each pollutant, with rates differentiated according to the hazard class of the pollutant.

Question 49Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization owns a plot of land and holds it on the right of permanent use. Which tax applies to this land plot?

  1. Real estate tax
  2. Environmental tax
  3. Land tax Correct answer.
  4. Profit tax

Explanation

Land tax is levied on land plots held on the right of permanent use, as well as on ownership and lifetime inheritable possession. Real estate tax applies to buildings and structures, not to land.

Question 50Taxes levied on legal entities (profit tax, VAT, excise, real estate tax, land tax, environmental tax)

An organization produced excisable goods and used them for its own production needs rather than selling them. How is excise duty treated?

  1. Excise duty is replaced by VAT
  2. No excise duty arises because no sale occurred
  3. Excise duty is payable only if the goods are later sold
  4. Excise duty is payable as if the goods were sold Correct answer.

Explanation

For excise purposes, using produced excisable goods for own needs is treated as a taxable transaction, and excise duty is calculated on the same basis as a sale.