GLA 10 flashcards
GLA 10 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Thesis statement
- A sentence that states the main argument of an essay and previews the supporting reasons the writer will develop.
- Topic sentence
- A sentence, usually first in a paragraph, that names the paragraph's main idea and connects it to the larger argument.
- Inference
- A conclusion reached by combining explicit text evidence with the reader's background knowledge rather than by direct statement.
- Textual evidence
- A direct quotation or specific detail from a passage used to support an interpretation or claim.
- Bias
- A tendency to favor one side, person, or outcome, often revealed by loaded word choice or omitted information.
- Fallacy
- An error in reasoning that makes an argument invalid or weak even if its conclusion happens to be true.
- Correlation
- A statistical relationship in which two variables change together; it alone does not prove that one causes the other.
- Causation
- A relationship in which a change in one factor directly produces a change in another factor.
- Mean
- The arithmetic average found by adding all values and dividing the sum by the number of values.
- Median
- The middle value in an ordered data set; with an even count, it is the average of the two middle values.
- Mode
- The value that occurs most frequently in a data set; a set may have no mode or several modes.
- Range
- The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set, showing the spread of the data.
- Standard deviation
- A measure of how far data values typically lie from the mean; larger values indicate greater spread.
- Probability
- The ratio of favorable outcomes to all equally likely outcomes in a sample space.
- Independent events
- Events whose outcomes do not affect each other; the probability of both is the product of their probabilities.
- Slope
- The ratio of vertical change to horizontal change between two points on a line, often written rise over run.
- Linear equation
- An equation whose graph is a straight line and whose variables have exponents of one.
- Function
- A rule that assigns exactly one output value to each input value in its domain.
- Quadratic equation
- An equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a is not zero; it can have two, one, or no real solutions.
- Pythagorean theorem
- In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
- Photosynthesis
- The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen.
- Cellular respiration
- The process cells use to release energy from glucose, producing ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Homeostasis
- The maintenance of stable internal conditions, such as temperature and pH, within a living organism.
- Natural selection
- The process by which inherited traits that improve survival and reproduction become more common in later generations.
- Mitosis
- Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells and supports growth and repair.
- Meiosis
- Cell division that produces four genetically varied gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.
- Supply and demand
- The interaction between how much producers offer and how much consumers want, which helps determine market price.
- Opportunity cost
- The value of the next best alternative given up when a person or group makes a choice.
- Federalism
- A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments.
- Separation of powers
- The division of government authority among branches so that no single branch holds all power.
- Primary source
- A firsthand record created by a participant or witness at the time of an event.
- Secondary source
- A later account that interprets or analyzes primary sources rather than offering firsthand testimony.