CIP RPP Professional Exam flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Rational comprehensive model
- A planning model that sets goals, identifies alternatives, predicts consequences, evaluates options, and selects a preferred plan using comprehensive information and neutral analysis.
- Incrementalism
- A decision approach using successive limited comparisons and small policy adjustments; it is suited to conditions of incomplete information, disagreement, and limited time or resources.
- Mixed scanning
- A planning strategy combining broad fundamental review with incremental detail; it allocates intensive analysis to key decisions while scanning others at a general level.
- Advocacy planning
- A model in which planners represent disadvantaged or underrepresented groups and prepare competing plans, making technical analysis serve political pluralism rather than a single public interest.
- Euclid v. Ambler
- The 1926 U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding municipal zoning under the police power, holding that separating uses can be rationally related to health, safety, and welfare.
- Standard City Planning Enabling Act
- A 1928 model state law that authorized planning commissions and master plans; it influenced state planning enabling legislation across the United States.
- AICP Code of Ethics
- A professional code with aspirational principles and enforceable rules of conduct; it addresses conflicts of interest, competence, public welfare, and fair dealing.
- Plan of Chicago
- The 1909 regional plan by Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett that proposed comprehensive civic improvements, parks, and transportation for Chicago and its region.
- Euclidean zoning
- A zoning system that divides land into districts and separates residential, commercial, and industrial uses while regulating height, bulk, and density.
- Variance
- Administrative relief from a dimensional standard such as setback or height; the applicant must show unique hardship, no self-created condition, and no special privilege.
- Nonconforming use
- A lawful use that existed before a zoning change and may generally continue, although expansion and amortization rules vary by state and local ordinance.
- Floor area ratio
- The ratio of total gross floor area to lot area; a FAR of 2.0 on a 10,000-square-foot lot permits 20,000 square feet of floor area.
- Regulatory taking
- A government regulation that goes too far in restricting private property use; courts apply factors including economic impact, investment-backed expectations, and character of the action.
- Essential nexus
- The Nollan requirement that a development exaction be connected to a legitimate state interest before it can be imposed on a permit applicant.
- Rough proportionality
- The Dolan requirement that an exaction's burden on a developer be roughly proportional to the impacts the proposed development creates.
- Vested rights
- A developer's protection from later regulatory changes after substantial reliance on approved permits; the exact test and timing are set by state law.
- Transect zoning
- A form-based zoning approach using zones from natural T1 to urban core T6; it regulates building form and intensity according to settlement context.
- Complete streets
- A street design policy that accommodates pedestrians, bicyclists, transit users, and motorists of all ages and abilities rather than prioritizing motor vehicles alone.
- Categorical exclusion
- A NEPA determination that an action fits a category normally requiring no environmental assessment or environmental impact statement because effects are minimal.
- CPTED
- Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design; it uses natural surveillance, access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance to reduce opportunities for crime.
- Capital improvement program
- A multiyear schedule of public facility projects linked to the comprehensive plan and capital budget; it identifies costs, funding sources, and timing.
- Concurrency
- A growth management rule requiring that public facilities meet adopted level-of-service standards before development is approved, or that improvements are scheduled concurrently.
- Impact fee
- A one-time charge on new development to fund off-site capital facilities; it must be rationally linked to impacts and proportionate to the demand created.
- Enterprise fund
- A self-supporting government fund for utility or business-like services; user charges fund operations, and the fund is accounted for separately from general taxes.
- Millage rate
- A property tax rate expressed in mills; one mill equals one dollar of tax per one thousand dollars of assessed value.
- General obligation bond
- A municipal bond backed by the full faith and credit and taxing power of the issuer; it typically requires voter approval and is subject to debt limits.
- Arnstein ladder
- A model ranking citizen participation from manipulation and therapy through consultation and partnership to delegated power and citizen control.
- IAP2 spectrum
- A participation framework with five levels: inform, consult, involve, collaborate, and empower; the level chosen should match impact and stakeholder influence.
- Charrette
- An intensive collaborative design workshop that brings stakeholders and designers together to produce draft plans or concepts within a short, focused period.
- Dillon's rule
- A legal doctrine holding that local governments possess only powers expressly granted by the state, implied by those grants, or essential to their stated purposes.
- Home rule
- State constitutional or statutory authority allowing local governments to self-govern and adopt regulations, subject to state limits and preemption.
- Metropolitan planning organization
- A regional body required in urbanized areas to conduct transportation planning and approve projects for federal funding under federal transportation law.