CNeoN(C) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Preeclampsia severe features

Blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg, platelets <100,000/µL, elevated liver enzymes, creatinine >1.1 mg/dL, pulmonary edema, or new cerebral or visual symptoms in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks.

Magnesium sulfate loading dose

For eclampsia prophylaxis, give 4–6 g IV over 15–20 minutes, then infuse 1–2 g/h; monitor reflexes, respiratory rate, and urine output for toxicity.

Category III fetal heart tracing

Absent variability with recurrent late or variable decelerations, bradycardia, or a sinusoidal pattern; it signals possible fetal acidemia and requires immediate intrauterine resuscitation.

Antenatal betamethasone dosing

12 mg intramuscularly, repeated once after 24 hours, given between 24 0/7 and 33 6/7 weeks; it reduces respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and neonatal mortality.

Shoulder dystocia maneuver sequence

Begin with McRoberts and suprapubic pressure, proceed to internal rotation and posterior arm delivery, and use all-fours positioning; fundal pressure is avoided because it worsens impaction.

Positive pressure ventilation threshold

Initiate PPV for apnea, gasping respirations, or a heart rate below 100/min after initial drying, warming, stimulation, and airway positioning in the newly born infant.

Neonatal chest compression ratio

When heart rate stays below 60/min despite 30 seconds of effective ventilation, provide compressions at a 3:1 ratio with 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute.

Neonatal epinephrine dose

Give 0.01–0.03 mg/kg of 1:10,000 epinephrine intravenously or intraosseously, or 0.05–0.1 mg/kg via endotracheal tube if vascular access is not yet available.

Apgar score components

Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, each scored 0–2 at 1 and 5 minutes; scores describe status and do not guide resuscitation.

Respiratory distress syndrome radiograph

Surfactant deficiency produces low lung volumes, a reticulogranular ground-glass appearance, and air bronchograms on chest radiograph in a preterm infant with grunting and retractions.

Transient tachypnea of newborn

Delayed fetal lung fluid clearance causes tachypnea and mild hypoxemia soon after birth, with perihilar streaking and fluid in fissures; it typically resolves within 24–72 hours.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia definition

Oxygen dependence at 36 weeks postmenstrual age in an infant born before 32 weeks, resulting from ventilator and oxygen injury to the immature lung.

Ductal-dependent cardiac lesions

Critical lesions such as hypoplastic left heart or pulmonary atresia worsen as the ductus arteriosus closes; prostaglandin E1 at 0.01–0.05 mcg/kg/min maintains ductal patency.

Hyperoxia test interpretation

In cyanotic congenital heart disease with right-to-left shunting, the PaO2 fails to rise above about 100 mmHg when the infant breathes 100% oxygen, unlike pulmonary disease.

Tetralogy of Fallot spell

Acute cyanosis from increased right-to-left shunting is treated with knee-chest positioning, oxygen, morphine, IV fluids, and phenylephrine or a beta-blocker if refractory.

Neonatal SVT treatment

Supraventricular tachycardia in a hemodynamically stable newborn is treated with vagal maneuvers, then adenosine 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push, increasing to 0.2 mg/kg if needed.

Therapeutic hypothermia criteria

Infants ≥36 weeks with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy receive cooling to 33.5–34.5°C for 72 hours, started within 6 hours of birth to limit neurologic injury.

Intraventricular hemorrhage grades

Grade I involves the germinal matrix, II extends into the ventricle without dilation, III adds ventricular dilation, and IV includes parenchymal extension; grades I–II usually have good outcomes.

Newborn hearing screening timeline

Screen all newborns with otoacoustic emissions or automated auditory brainstem response before discharge; rescreen failures by 1 month and confirm diagnosis by 3 months of age.

Kernicterus mechanism

Unconjugated bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier and deposits in basal ganglia, causing lethargy, poor feeding, hypertonia, retrocollis, and permanent choreoathetoid cerebral palsy.

Necrotizing enterocolitis presentation

Feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools, and pneumatosis intestinalis in a preterm infant; management includes bowel rest, nasogastric decompression, and antibiotics.

Physiologic versus pathologic jaundice

Physiologic jaundice appears after 24 hours and peaks at 3–5 days; jaundice present within the first 24 hours is pathologic and requires urgent bilirubin measurement and evaluation.

Bilious vomiting in newborn

Bilious emesis indicates obstruction distal to the ampulla; malrotation with volvulus is a surgical emergency until excluded by upper gastrointestinal contrast study.

Neonatal hypoglycemia treatment

Symptomatic infants or glucose below 25 mg/dL receive 10% dextrose 2 mL/kg IV bolus followed by continuous infusion; asymptomatic levels of 25–45 mg/dL are treated with feeding and recheck.

Newborn screening collection timing

Dried blood spot screening is collected at 24–48 hours of age; specimens drawn before 24 hours require repeat testing because results may be falsely reassuring.

Congenital hypothyroidism treatment

Elevated TSH on newborn screening indicates congenital hypothyroidism; levothyroxine 10–15 mcg/kg/day started within 2 weeks prevents irreversible intellectual disability.

Physiologic anemia of infancy

Hemoglobin nadirs near 9–11 g/dL at 8–12 weeks in term infants and 7–9 g/dL at 4–8 weeks in preterm infants as erythropoietin falls after birth.

Rh isoimmunization prevention

Rho(D) immune globulin given at 28 weeks and within 72 hours postpartum to unsensitized Rh-negative mothers prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn from Rh incompatibility.

Vitamin K prophylaxis

A single 0.5–1 mg intramuscular dose of vitamin K at birth prevents classic and late vitamin K deficiency bleeding in breastfed newborns.

Adequate GBS prophylaxis

Penicillin G 5 million units IV then 2.5–3 million units every 4 hours, or ampicillin 2 g then 1 g every 4 hours, begun at least 4 hours before delivery.

Early-onset neonatal sepsis empiric therapy

Ampicillin plus gentamicin is standard empiric coverage for early-onset sepsis, with a lumbar puncture when meningitis is suspected and cultures guiding duration.

Just culture framework

A safety model that consoles human error, coaches at-risk behavior, and sanctions reckless conduct, encouraging voluntary reporting and system-based learning rather than individual blame.