COKO R.Kin Exam cheat sheet

R.Kin practice is limited to services the kinesiologist is competent to deliver; referral is required when the client's needs exceed competence, scope, or legal authority.

Valid consent has five elements: capacity, voluntariness, disclosure, understanding, and ongoing permission; consent may be withdrawn at any time.

PHIPA governs personal health information in Ontario: collect only what is necessary, limit use to the stated purpose, and disclose only with consent or a legal exception.

Documentation is contemporaneous and objective: date, time, intervention, client response, and any adverse event; late entries are labeled as late.

Record errors are corrected with a single line, date, initials, and reason; original text remains legible and no entry is obliterated.

A conflict of interest exists when a personal or financial interest could bias judgment; disclosure and management are required, and avoidance is preferred.

Professional boundaries prohibit sexual or exploitative relationships with clients; non-sexual dual relationships require risk assessment and safeguards.

Continuing competence includes self-assessment, learning activities, and practice reflection; the College's quality assurance program may require evidence.

Four core ethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice; fidelity and veracity guide truthfulness and promise-keeping.

Autonomy decision rule: a capable client may refuse or withdraw from assessment or exercise even when the kinesiologist disagrees.

Capacity is decision-specific: assess whether the client understands relevant information, appreciates consequences, and can communicate a consistent choice.

Confidentiality exceptions include legal reporting duties, court orders, and serious imminent harm; disclose only the minimum necessary information.

Informed consent for minors: a capable mature minor may consent; otherwise parent or guardian consent plus the minor's assent is obtained.

A conflict of interest is managed by disclosure, avoidance where possible, and mitigation; the client's interest outweighs the kinesiologist's secondary interest.

Negligence requires a duty of care, breach of standard, causation, and damages; accurate records and informed consent are key risk controls.

Mandatory reporting duties are set by statute; when uncertain, the kinesiologist seeks legal or regulatory guidance before disclosing.

SBAR = Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation; it is a handover structure for concise interprofessional communication.

Closed-loop communication: sender transmits, receiver repeats back, sender confirms; this reduces medication, referral, and exercise-plan errors.

Teach-back confirms comprehension: the client explains the plan or demonstrates the task in their own words or actions.

Plain-language rule: short sentences, common words, and chunking; confirm understanding rather than asking 'Do you understand?'

Interpreter decision rule: use a trained interpreter for complex, confidential, or consent discussions; avoid relying on family members.

Conflict resolution sequence: describe the issue, express impact, explore the other view, and agree on next steps; focus on behavior, not personality.

Referral communication includes reason, relevant findings, client goals, current plan, and urgency; the sender confirms receipt.

Pre-participation screening starts with PAR-Q+; any yes answer triggers follow-up questions and possible medical clearance or modified exercise.

BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)^2; BMI is a screening tool and does not directly measure body fat or health status.

HRmax estimate: Tanaka = 208 - (0.7 × age); the older 220 - age formula has greater error.

Karvonen target HR = HRrest + (intensity × (HRmax - HRrest)); intensity is expressed as a decimal, such as 0.60.

Blood pressure classification: normal <120/<80; elevated 120-129/<80; stage 1 130-139 or 80-89; stage 2 ≥140 or ≥90 mmHg.

Red flags requiring exercise cessation: chest pain, syncope, severe dyspnea, palpitations, or neurologic symptoms; emergency response is activated.

Reliability is consistency; validity is measuring what is intended; MDC is the change beyond measurement error; MCID is the smallest clinically meaningful change.

Standardize testing conditions: same equipment, protocol, time of day, and instructions; record absolute and relative values when possible.

FITT-VP = Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type, Volume, Progression; each variable is specified in the exercise prescription.

Aerobic guideline: 150-300 min/week moderate or 75-150 min/week vigorous; accumulation in bouts of any length counts.

Resistance guideline: 2 or more days/week for major muscle groups, with 2-4 sets and 8-12 repetitions for many adults.

Flexibility guideline: 2 or more days/week, holding stretches 10-30 s to the point of tightness, repeated 2-4 times.

Progressive overload increases load, volume, or complexity as adaptation occurs; progression is slower for novice, older, or clinical populations.

Specificity: adaptations are specific to the stimulus; reversibility means gains decline with detraining.

1 RM estimate (Epley): 1RM = load × (1 + repetitions/30); use estimates cautiously and only with safe technique.

MET conversion: 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2/kg/min; kcal/min ≈ MET × 3.5 × body mass (kg) / 200.

Warm-up includes dynamic movement and gradual intensity increase; cool-down includes gradual reduction and may include static stretching.

Ottawa Charter five actions: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, reorient health services.

Primary prevention acts before disease; secondary prevention detects early; tertiary prevention reduces complications and disability.

Stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance; relapse is a normal re-entry point.

Motivational interviewing uses OARS: open questions, affirmations, reflections, summaries; it supports autonomy and evocation.

SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound; they convert intentions into observable targets.

Social determinants of health include income, education, housing, food security, employment, social support, and culture.

Health literacy is the ability to obtain, understand, and use health information; plain language and teach-back support it.

Harm reduction reduces negative consequences without requiring abstinence; examples include supervised consumption and safer exercise environments.

Hypertension: aerobic exercise on most days is recommended; avoid Valsalva and heavy resistance when BP is uncontrolled or ≥180/110 mmHg.

Diabetes: monitor glucose around exercise; hypoglycemia risk rises with insulin and sulfonylureas; fast-acting carbohydrate is kept available.

Obesity: 150-250 min/week moderate activity supports clinically meaningful weight loss; >250 min/week supports weight maintenance.

Osteoporosis: weight-bearing and resistance exercise are recommended; severe osteoporosis requires avoiding high-impact loading and forceful spine flexion/rotation.

Arthritis: low-impact aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercise are used; high-impact activity is reduced during flares.

COPD: aerobic and resistance training plus breathing techniques; pursed-lip breathing slows expiration and reduces dynamic hyperinflation.

Cardiac rehabilitation: exercise is prescribed after risk assessment; chest pain, syncope, or severe dyspnea stops exercise and activates emergency care.

Cancer: moderate aerobic and resistance exercise reduce fatigue and improve function; modify intensity for neuropathy, anemia, or bone metastases.