NB Grade 5 Math flashcards
NB Grade 5 Math · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Place value
- The value a digit has because of its position in a number; each place is ten times the place to its right, so the 4 in 4 300 is worth 4 000.
- Rounding rule
- To round, locate the target place and check the digit to its right. A digit of 5 or more rounds up; 4 or less keeps the digit unchanged.
- Equivalent fractions
- Fractions that name the same amount, such as 2/3 and 8/12. Multiplying or dividing both numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number produces an equivalent fraction.
- Fraction of a set
- Divide the whole set by the denominator to find one part, then multiply by the numerator. Three fifths of 40 is 40 divided by 5, then times 3, giving 24.
- Factor versus multiple
- A factor divides a number exactly, while a multiple is the product of that number and a whole number. For 12, factors include 3 and 4; multiples include 24 and 36.
- Decimal comparison
- Line up the decimal points and compare digits from left to right. The first place where digits differ decides the larger number, so 0.7 is greater than 0.68.
- Pattern rule
- A description of how a sequence grows or shrinks, usually a starting value plus a repeated operation, such as start at 5 and add 6 each time.
- Arithmetic pattern
- A sequence with a constant difference between consecutive terms. Subtract neighbouring terms to find the difference, then keep adding it to extend the pattern.
- Input-output table
- A table pairing input values with output values. Test a possible rule on at least two rows to confirm it works before using it to predict missing entries.
- Variable and expression
- A variable is a letter representing an unknown number. An expression such as 4n + 1 is evaluated by substituting a value for n and computing the result.
- Balanced equation
- An equation stating that both sides have equal value. To find an unknown, undo operations on one side while keeping the other side balanced.
- Growing shape pattern
- A sequence of figures that gains a constant number of tiles or squares each stage. Record the counts in a table to reveal the constant increase.
- Rectangle perimeter
- The total distance around a rectangle, found with P = 2 × (length + width). Perimeter is a length, so it is measured in units such as centimetres.
- Rectangle area
- The number of square units covering a rectangle, found with A = length × width. Area is reported in square units such as square centimetres.
- Triangle area
- Half the product of a base and the perpendicular height to that base: A = base × height ÷ 2. The height must meet the base at a right angle.
- Rectangular prism volume
- The space inside a box shape, found with V = length × width × height. Volume is reported in cubic units such as cubic centimetres.
- Angle sums
- A right angle measures 90 degrees and a straight angle measures 180 degrees. The three interior angles of any triangle always add to 180 degrees.
- Metric conversions
- Common relationships: 1 metre equals 100 centimetres, 1 kilometre equals 1000 metres, 1 kilogram equals 1000 grams, and 1 litre equals 1000 millilitres.
- Regular polygon
- A closed flat shape with straight sides in which every side is the same length and every interior angle is the same size, such as a square.
- Mean
- The average of a data set: add all values, then divide by how many values there are. The mean of 3, 5, 7, and 9 is 24 divided by 4, or 6.
- Median
- The middle value when data are ordered from least to greatest. With an even number of values, average the two middle values to find the median.
- Mode
- The value that appears most frequently in a data set. A set may have no mode, one mode, or several modes if values tie for most frequent.
- Range of data
- The greatest value minus the least value in a data set. Range describes how spread out the data are, not the average size of the values.
- Bar graph rules
- Bars of equal width and equal spacing, a titled graph, labelled axes, and a scale with equal steps so heights can be read accurately.
- Simple probability
- The chance of an event, found by dividing favourable outcomes by all equally likely outcomes. Probability 0 means impossible and 1 means certain.
- Complementary probability
- The chance an event does not happen equals 1 minus the chance it does happen. All possible outcomes of a simple experiment add to 1.
- Problem-solving cycle
- Understand the problem, choose and carry out a strategy, then check the answer against an estimate and the original question before finishing.
- Working backwards
- A strategy for problems that give the final result and ask for the start. Undo each operation in reverse order to recover the original value.
- Estimate then calculate
- Round numbers to friendly values to get an approximate answer first. Compare the exact result with the estimate to detect calculation errors.
- Order of operations
- Compute inside brackets first, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right, to get one correct value.
- Checking division
- Multiply the quotient by the divisor, then add the remainder. The result should equal the original dividend, confirming the division is correct.
- Units in answers
- Measurement answers need units such as centimetres, square centimetres, or minutes. A bare number does not fully answer a measurement question.