NL Grade 6 Math flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Place value

The value a digit has because of its position. Each position is ten times the value of the position to its right, so in 5,284 the 2 means 200 and the 8 means 80.

Rounding a whole number

Find the digit one place to the right of the place being rounded. If it is 5 or more, increase the rounding digit by one; if 4 or less, keep it. Replace following digits with zeros.

Order of operations

A fixed order for evaluating expressions: brackets first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right. Example: 2 + 3 × 4 = 14.

Equivalent fractions

Fractions naming the same amount, made by multiplying or dividing numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. For example, 2/3 = 8/12 because both parts were multiplied by 4.

Percent

A ratio out of 100. To find a percent of a number, write the percent as a decimal and multiply: 25% of 60 = 0.25 × 60 = 15.

Ratio

A comparison of two quantities by division, written like 3:5 or 3 to 5. Equivalent ratios come from multiplying or dividing both parts by the same number, as 3:5 = 9:15.

Divisibility by 3

A whole number is divisible by 3 exactly when the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. For 471, the digit sum is 4 + 7 + 1 = 12, so 471 is divisible by 3.

Adding integers

On a number line, adding a positive integer moves right and adding a negative integer moves left. So −4 + 6 = 2, and 3 + (−7) = −4.

Lowest common multiple

The smallest number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. For 4 and 6, multiples are 4, 8, 12 and 6, 12, so the lowest common multiple is 12.

Arithmetic sequence

A list of numbers that change by the same constant difference each step. In 5, 9, 13, 17 the difference is 4, so the next term is 21.

Rule for a sequence

A description of how to get any term from its position number n. For 4, 7, 10, ... the rule is 3n + 1, since each term is 3 times its position plus 1.

Variable

A letter or symbol that stands for a number which may change or is unknown. In the expression 5n + 2, the variable n can take different values.

Expression versus equation

An expression is a combination of numbers, variables, and operations with no equals sign, such as 4x − 1. An equation states that two expressions are equal, such as 4x − 1 = 11.

Solving one-step equations

Undo the operation using its inverse on both sides. For n + 9 = 14, subtract 9 from both sides to get n = 5; for 3n = 21, divide both sides by 3.

Input-output table

A table pairing each input value with its output. If the output rises by the same amount for each increase of 1 in the input, the relation is linear and can be written as a rule.

Growing pattern

A pattern in which the number of objects increases by a constant amount per step. The rule has the form start + (step − 1) × increase.

Ordered pair

Two numbers written in a fixed order, usually (input, output) or (x, y). The first number gives the horizontal position and the second gives the vertical position.

Perimeter of a rectangle

The distance around a rectangle, found by adding all four sides or using 2 × (length + width). A 7 cm by 3 cm rectangle has perimeter 2 × 10 = 20 cm.

Area of a triangle

Half the base times the perpendicular height: area = ½ × base × height. A triangle with base 8 cm and height 5 cm has area 20 cm².

Volume of a rectangular prism

Length times width times height, reported in cubic units. A prism 4 cm by 3 cm by 2 cm has volume 24 cm³.

Angles on a straight line

Angles that together form a straight line add to 180°. If one angle is 115°, the angle beside it on the line is 180° − 115° = 65°.

Angles around a point

Angles meeting at a single point with no overlap add to 360°, one full turn. If three angles are 90°, 120°, and 150°, they complete a full turn.

Triangle angle sum

The three interior angles of any triangle add to 180°. If two angles are 50° and 60°, the third angle is 180° − 110° = 70°.

Quadrilateral angle sum

The four interior angles of any quadrilateral add to 360°, which can be shown by splitting it into two triangles of 180° each.

Translation

A transformation that slides every point of a shape the same distance in the same direction. The shape keeps its size, orientation, and shape.

Reflection

A transformation that flips a shape over a line, producing a mirror image. Each point and its image are the same distance from the reflection line.

Congruent shapes

Shapes with exactly the same size and shape, so one fits on the other. Corresponding sides and corresponding angles are equal, even after sliding, flipping, or turning.

Metric length conversions

Units of length relate by powers of ten: 10 mm = 1 cm, 100 cm = 1 m, and 1000 m = 1 km. To convert to a smaller unit, multiply.

Mean

The sum of all data values divided by the number of values. For 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 the sum is 40 and there are 5 values, so the mean is 8.

Median

The middle value when data are ordered from least to greatest. With an even number of values, the median is the mean of the two middle values.

Mode and range

The mode is the value that appears most often. The range is the greatest value minus the least value, showing how spread out the data are.

Probability of an event

The number of favourable outcomes divided by the total number of equally likely outcomes. Rolling a 4 on a fair six-sided die has probability 1/6.